Initial concepts
I want to get this under version control now or it's going to wind up not happening again, like in previous years. More to come.master
commit
c604550086
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# build output
|
||||
*.aux
|
||||
*.pdf
|
||||
*.tex
|
||||
*.html
|
||||
*.bbl
|
||||
|
||||
# backup files
|
||||
*~
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
|
|||
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
||||
Version 3, 29 June 2007
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
|
||||
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
||||
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
||||
|
||||
Preamble
|
||||
|
||||
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
|
||||
software and other kinds of works.
|
||||
|
||||
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
|
||||
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
|
||||
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
|
||||
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
|
||||
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
|
||||
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
|
||||
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
|
||||
your programs, too.
|
||||
|
||||
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
|
||||
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
|
||||
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
|
||||
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
|
||||
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
|
||||
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
|
||||
|
||||
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
|
||||
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
|
||||
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
|
||||
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
|
||||
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
|
||||
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
|
||||
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
|
||||
know their rights.
|
||||
|
||||
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
|
||||
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
|
||||
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
|
||||
|
||||
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
|
||||
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
|
||||
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
|
||||
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
|
||||
authors of previous versions.
|
||||
|
||||
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
|
||||
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
|
||||
can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
|
||||
protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
|
||||
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
|
||||
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
|
||||
have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
|
||||
products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
|
||||
stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
|
||||
of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
|
||||
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
|
||||
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
|
||||
avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
|
||||
make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that
|
||||
patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
|
||||
|
||||
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
||||
modification follow.
|
||||
|
||||
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
|
||||
0. Definitions.
|
||||
|
||||
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
|
||||
works, such as semiconductor masks.
|
||||
|
||||
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
|
||||
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
|
||||
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
|
||||
|
||||
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
|
||||
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
|
||||
exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
|
||||
earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
|
||||
|
||||
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
|
||||
on the Program.
|
||||
|
||||
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
|
||||
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
|
||||
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
|
||||
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
|
||||
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
|
||||
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
|
||||
|
||||
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
|
||||
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
|
||||
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
|
||||
|
||||
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
|
||||
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
|
||||
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
|
||||
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
|
||||
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
|
||||
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
|
||||
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
|
||||
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Source Code.
|
||||
|
||||
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
|
||||
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
|
||||
form of a work.
|
||||
|
||||
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
|
||||
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
|
||||
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
|
||||
is widely used among developers working in that language.
|
||||
|
||||
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
|
||||
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
|
||||
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
|
||||
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
|
||||
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
|
||||
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
|
||||
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
|
||||
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
|
||||
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
|
||||
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
|
||||
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
|
||||
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
|
||||
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
|
||||
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
|
||||
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
|
||||
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
|
||||
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
|
||||
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
|
||||
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
|
||||
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
|
||||
subprograms and other parts of the work.
|
||||
|
||||
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
|
||||
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
|
||||
Source.
|
||||
|
||||
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
|
||||
same work.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Basic Permissions.
|
||||
|
||||
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
|
||||
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
|
||||
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
|
||||
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
|
||||
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
|
||||
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
|
||||
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
|
||||
|
||||
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
|
||||
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
|
||||
in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
|
||||
of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
|
||||
with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
|
||||
the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
|
||||
not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
|
||||
for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
|
||||
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
|
||||
your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
|
||||
|
||||
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
|
||||
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
|
||||
makes it unnecessary.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
|
||||
|
||||
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
|
||||
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
|
||||
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
|
||||
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
|
||||
measures.
|
||||
|
||||
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
|
||||
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
|
||||
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
|
||||
the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
|
||||
modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
|
||||
users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
|
||||
technological measures.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
|
||||
|
||||
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
|
||||
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
|
||||
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
|
||||
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
|
||||
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
|
||||
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
|
||||
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
|
||||
|
||||
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
|
||||
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
|
||||
|
||||
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
|
||||
|
||||
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
|
||||
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
|
||||
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
|
||||
|
||||
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
|
||||
it, and giving a relevant date.
|
||||
|
||||
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
|
||||
released under this License and any conditions added under section
|
||||
7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
|
||||
"keep intact all notices".
|
||||
|
||||
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
|
||||
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
|
||||
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
|
||||
additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
|
||||
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
|
||||
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
|
||||
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
|
||||
|
||||
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
|
||||
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
|
||||
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
|
||||
work need not make them do so.
|
||||
|
||||
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
|
||||
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
|
||||
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
|
||||
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
|
||||
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
|
||||
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
|
||||
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
|
||||
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
|
||||
parts of the aggregate.
|
||||
|
||||
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
|
||||
|
||||
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
|
||||
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
|
||||
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
|
||||
in one of these ways:
|
||||
|
||||
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
|
||||
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
|
||||
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
|
||||
customarily used for software interchange.
|
||||
|
||||
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
|
||||
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
|
||||
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
|
||||
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
|
||||
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
|
||||
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
|
||||
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
|
||||
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
|
||||
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
|
||||
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
|
||||
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
|
||||
|
||||
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
|
||||
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
|
||||
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
|
||||
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
|
||||
with subsection 6b.
|
||||
|
||||
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
|
||||
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
|
||||
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
|
||||
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
|
||||
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
|
||||
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
|
||||
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
|
||||
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
|
||||
clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
|
||||
Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
|
||||
Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
|
||||
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
|
||||
you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
|
||||
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
|
||||
charge under subsection 6d.
|
||||
|
||||
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
|
||||
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
|
||||
included in conveying the object code work.
|
||||
|
||||
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
|
||||
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
|
||||
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
|
||||
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
|
||||
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
|
||||
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
|
||||
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
|
||||
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
|
||||
actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
|
||||
is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
|
||||
commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
|
||||
the only significant mode of use of the product.
|
||||
|
||||
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
|
||||
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
|
||||
and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
|
||||
a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
|
||||
suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
|
||||
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
|
||||
modification has been made.
|
||||
|
||||
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
|
||||
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
|
||||
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
|
||||
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
|
||||
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
|
||||
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
|
||||
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
|
||||
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
|
||||
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
|
||||
been installed in ROM).
|
||||
|
||||
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
|
||||
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
|
||||
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
|
||||
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
|
||||
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
|
||||
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
|
||||
protocols for communication across the network.
|
||||
|
||||
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
|
||||
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
|
||||
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
|
||||
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
|
||||
unpacking, reading or copying.
|
||||
|
||||
7. Additional Terms.
|
||||
|
||||
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
|
||||
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
|
||||
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
|
||||
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
|
||||
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
|
||||
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
|
||||
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
|
||||
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
|
||||
|
||||
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
|
||||
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
|
||||
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
|
||||
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
|
||||
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
|
||||
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
|
||||
|
||||
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
|
||||
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
|
||||
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
|
||||
|
||||
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
|
||||
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
|
||||
|
||||
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
|
||||
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
|
||||
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
|
||||
|
||||
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
|
||||
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
|
||||
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
|
||||
|
||||
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
|
||||
authors of the material; or
|
||||
|
||||
e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
|
||||
trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
|
||||
|
||||
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
|
||||
material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
|
||||
it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
|
||||
any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
|
||||
those licensors and authors.
|
||||
|
||||
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
|
||||
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
|
||||
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
|
||||
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
|
||||
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
|
||||
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
|
||||
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
|
||||
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
|
||||
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
|
||||
|
||||
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
|
||||
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
|
||||
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
|
||||
where to find the applicable terms.
|
||||
|
||||
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
|
||||
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
|
||||
the above requirements apply either way.
|
||||
|
||||
8. Termination.
|
||||
|
||||
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
|
||||
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
|
||||
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
|
||||
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
|
||||
paragraph of section 11).
|
||||
|
||||
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
|
||||
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
|
||||
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
|
||||
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
|
||||
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
|
||||
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
|
||||
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
|
||||
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
|
||||
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
|
||||
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
|
||||
your receipt of the notice.
|
||||
|
||||
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
|
||||
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
|
||||
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
|
||||
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
|
||||
material under section 10.
|
||||
|
||||
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
|
||||
|
||||
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
|
||||
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
|
||||
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
|
||||
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
|
||||
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
|
||||
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
|
||||
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
|
||||
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
|
||||
|
||||
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
|
||||
|
||||
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
|
||||
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
|
||||
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
|
||||
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
|
||||
|
||||
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
|
||||
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
|
||||
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
|
||||
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
|
||||
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
|
||||
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
|
||||
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
|
||||
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
|
||||
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
|
||||
|
||||
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
|
||||
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
|
||||
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
|
||||
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
|
||||
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
|
||||
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
|
||||
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
|
||||
|
||||
11. Patents.
|
||||
|
||||
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
|
||||
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
|
||||
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
|
||||
|
||||
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
|
||||
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
|
||||
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
|
||||
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
|
||||
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
|
||||
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
|
||||
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
|
||||
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
|
||||
this License.
|
||||
|
||||
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
|
||||
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
|
||||
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
|
||||
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
|
||||
|
||||
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
|
||||
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
|
||||
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
|
||||
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
|
||||
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
|
||||
patent against the party.
|
||||
|
||||
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
|
||||
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
|
||||
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
|
||||
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
|
||||
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
|
||||
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
|
||||
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
|
||||
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
|
||||
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
|
||||
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
|
||||
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
|
||||
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
|
||||
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
|
||||
|
||||
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
|
||||
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
|
||||
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
|
||||
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
|
||||
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
|
||||
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
|
||||
work and works based on it.
|
||||
|
||||
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
|
||||
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
|
||||
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
|
||||
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
|
||||
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
|
||||
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
|
||||
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
|
||||
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
|
||||
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
|
||||
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
|
||||
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
|
||||
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
|
||||
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
|
||||
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
|
||||
|
||||
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
|
||||
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
|
||||
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
|
||||
|
||||
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
|
||||
|
||||
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
|
||||
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
|
||||
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
|
||||
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
|
||||
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
|
||||
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
|
||||
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
|
||||
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
|
||||
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
|
||||
|
||||
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
|
||||
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
|
||||
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
|
||||
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
|
||||
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
|
||||
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
|
||||
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
|
||||
combination as such.
|
||||
|
||||
14. Revised Versions of this License.
|
||||
|
||||
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
|
||||
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
||||
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
||||
address new problems or concerns.
|
||||
|
||||
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
|
||||
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
|
||||
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
|
||||
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
|
||||
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
|
||||
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
|
||||
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
|
||||
by the Free Software Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
|
||||
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
|
||||
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
|
||||
to choose that version for the Program.
|
||||
|
||||
Later license versions may give you additional or different
|
||||
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
|
||||
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
|
||||
later version.
|
||||
|
||||
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
|
||||
|
||||
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
|
||||
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
|
||||
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
|
||||
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
|
||||
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
|
||||
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
|
||||
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
|
||||
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
||||
|
||||
16. Limitation of Liability.
|
||||
|
||||
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
|
||||
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
|
||||
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
|
||||
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
|
||||
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
|
||||
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
|
||||
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
|
||||
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
||||
SUCH DAMAGES.
|
||||
|
||||
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
|
||||
|
||||
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
|
||||
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
|
||||
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
|
||||
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
|
||||
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
|
||||
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
|
||||
|
||||
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
|
||||
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
||||
|
||||
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
||||
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
||||
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
|
||||
|
||||
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
|
||||
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
|
||||
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
|
||||
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
||||
|
||||
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
|
||||
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
|
||||
|
||||
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
||||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||||
|
||||
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||||
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||||
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
|
||||
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
||||
|
||||
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
|
||||
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
||||
|
||||
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
|
||||
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
||||
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
||||
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
||||
|
||||
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
|
||||
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
|
||||
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
|
||||
|
||||
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
|
||||
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
|
||||
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
|
||||
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
|
||||
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
|
||||
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
|
||||
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
|
||||
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
|
||||
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
|
||||
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
|
|||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
|
||||
|
||||
=======================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and
|
||||
does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of
|
||||
Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or
|
||||
other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related
|
||||
information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no
|
||||
warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their
|
||||
terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons
|
||||
disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the
|
||||
fullest extent possible.
|
||||
|
||||
Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
|
||||
|
||||
Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and
|
||||
conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share
|
||||
original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright
|
||||
and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The
|
||||
following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
|
||||
exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.
|
||||
|
||||
Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are
|
||||
intended for use by those authorized to give the public
|
||||
permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by
|
||||
copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are
|
||||
irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms
|
||||
and conditions of the license they choose before applying it.
|
||||
Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before
|
||||
applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the
|
||||
material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any
|
||||
material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-
|
||||
licensed material, or material used under an exception or
|
||||
limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors:
|
||||
wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors
|
||||
|
||||
Considerations for the public: By using one of our public
|
||||
licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the
|
||||
licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If
|
||||
the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for
|
||||
example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to
|
||||
copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our
|
||||
licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain
|
||||
other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of
|
||||
the licensed material may still be restricted for other
|
||||
reasons, including because others have copyright or other
|
||||
rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests,
|
||||
such as asking that all changes be marked or described.
|
||||
Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to
|
||||
respect those requests where reasonable. More_considerations
|
||||
for the public:
|
||||
wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees
|
||||
|
||||
=======================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public
|
||||
License
|
||||
|
||||
By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree
|
||||
to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public
|
||||
License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a
|
||||
contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your
|
||||
acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You
|
||||
such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from
|
||||
making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
|
||||
conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 1 -- Definitions.
|
||||
|
||||
a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar
|
||||
Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material
|
||||
and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered,
|
||||
arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring
|
||||
permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the
|
||||
Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed
|
||||
Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording,
|
||||
Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is
|
||||
synched in timed relation with a moving image.
|
||||
|
||||
b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright
|
||||
and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in
|
||||
accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
c. BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at
|
||||
creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative
|
||||
Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
d. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights
|
||||
closely related to copyright including, without limitation,
|
||||
performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database
|
||||
Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or
|
||||
categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights
|
||||
specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar
|
||||
Rights.
|
||||
|
||||
e. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the
|
||||
absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws
|
||||
fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright
|
||||
Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international
|
||||
agreements.
|
||||
|
||||
f. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or
|
||||
any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights
|
||||
that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
|
||||
|
||||
g. License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name
|
||||
of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this
|
||||
Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.
|
||||
|
||||
h. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database,
|
||||
or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public
|
||||
License.
|
||||
|
||||
i. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the
|
||||
terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to
|
||||
all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the
|
||||
Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
|
||||
|
||||
j. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights
|
||||
under this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or
|
||||
process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such
|
||||
as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution,
|
||||
dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material
|
||||
available to the public including in ways that members of the
|
||||
public may access the material from a place and at a time
|
||||
individually chosen by them.
|
||||
|
||||
l. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright
|
||||
resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of
|
||||
the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases,
|
||||
as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially
|
||||
equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
|
||||
|
||||
m. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights
|
||||
under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 2 -- Scope.
|
||||
|
||||
a. License grant.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License,
|
||||
the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
|
||||
non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to
|
||||
exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
|
||||
|
||||
a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or
|
||||
in part; and
|
||||
|
||||
b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where
|
||||
Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public
|
||||
License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with
|
||||
its terms and conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section
|
||||
6(a).
|
||||
|
||||
4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The
|
||||
Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in
|
||||
all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,
|
||||
and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The
|
||||
Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or
|
||||
authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
|
||||
necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
|
||||
technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective
|
||||
Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License,
|
||||
simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)
|
||||
(4) never produces Adapted Material.
|
||||
|
||||
5. Downstream recipients.
|
||||
|
||||
a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every
|
||||
recipient of the Licensed Material automatically
|
||||
receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
|
||||
Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this
|
||||
Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
b. Additional offer from the Licensor -- Adapted Material.
|
||||
Every recipient of Adapted Material from You
|
||||
automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to
|
||||
exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material
|
||||
under the conditions of the Adapter's License You apply.
|
||||
|
||||
c. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose
|
||||
any additional or different terms or conditions on, or
|
||||
apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the
|
||||
Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the
|
||||
Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed
|
||||
Material.
|
||||
|
||||
6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or
|
||||
may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You
|
||||
are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected
|
||||
with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by,
|
||||
the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as
|
||||
provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
|
||||
|
||||
b. Other rights.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not
|
||||
licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity,
|
||||
privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to
|
||||
the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to
|
||||
assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited
|
||||
extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed
|
||||
Rights, but not otherwise.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this
|
||||
Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to
|
||||
collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed
|
||||
Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society
|
||||
under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
|
||||
licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly
|
||||
reserves any right to collect such royalties.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 3 -- License Conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
|
||||
following conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
a. Attribution.
|
||||
|
||||
1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified
|
||||
form), You must:
|
||||
|
||||
a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor
|
||||
with the Licensed Material:
|
||||
|
||||
i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed
|
||||
Material and any others designated to receive
|
||||
attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by
|
||||
the Licensor (including by pseudonym if
|
||||
designated);
|
||||
|
||||
ii. a copyright notice;
|
||||
|
||||
iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
|
||||
|
||||
iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of
|
||||
warranties;
|
||||
|
||||
v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the
|
||||
extent reasonably practicable;
|
||||
|
||||
b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and
|
||||
retain an indication of any previous modifications; and
|
||||
|
||||
c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this
|
||||
Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or
|
||||
hyperlink to, this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
|
||||
reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
|
||||
which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be
|
||||
reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or
|
||||
hyperlink to a resource that includes the required
|
||||
information.
|
||||
|
||||
3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
|
||||
information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent
|
||||
reasonably practicable.
|
||||
|
||||
b. ShareAlike.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share
|
||||
Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
|
||||
|
||||
1. The Adapter's License You apply must be a Creative Commons
|
||||
license with the same License Elements, this version or
|
||||
later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.
|
||||
|
||||
2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the
|
||||
Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition
|
||||
in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and
|
||||
context in which You Share Adapted Material.
|
||||
|
||||
3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms
|
||||
or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
|
||||
Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the
|
||||
rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.
|
||||
|
||||
Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that
|
||||
apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:
|
||||
|
||||
a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right
|
||||
to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial
|
||||
portion of the contents of the database;
|
||||
|
||||
b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database
|
||||
contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database
|
||||
Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database
|
||||
Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material,
|
||||
|
||||
including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
|
||||
c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share
|
||||
all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
|
||||
|
||||
For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
|
||||
replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed
|
||||
Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
|
||||
|
||||
a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE
|
||||
EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS
|
||||
AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF
|
||||
ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS,
|
||||
IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
|
||||
WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
|
||||
PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS,
|
||||
ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT
|
||||
KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT
|
||||
ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
|
||||
|
||||
b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE
|
||||
TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
|
||||
NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
|
||||
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES,
|
||||
COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR
|
||||
USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN
|
||||
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR
|
||||
DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR
|
||||
IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
|
||||
|
||||
c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
|
||||
above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent
|
||||
possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and
|
||||
waiver of all liability.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 6 -- Term and Termination.
|
||||
|
||||
a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
|
||||
Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
|
||||
this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
|
||||
terminate automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
|
||||
Section 6(a), it reinstates:
|
||||
|
||||
1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided
|
||||
it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the
|
||||
violation; or
|
||||
|
||||
2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
|
||||
|
||||
For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
|
||||
right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations
|
||||
of this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
|
||||
Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
|
||||
distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so
|
||||
will not terminate this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
|
||||
License.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different
|
||||
terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
|
||||
|
||||
b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
|
||||
Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
|
||||
independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 8 -- Interpretation.
|
||||
|
||||
a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
|
||||
shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose
|
||||
conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully
|
||||
be made without permission under this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
|
||||
deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
|
||||
minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
|
||||
cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
|
||||
without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
|
||||
conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
|
||||
failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
|
||||
Licensor.
|
||||
|
||||
d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted
|
||||
as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities
|
||||
that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal
|
||||
processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
=======================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses.
|
||||
Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public
|
||||
licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be
|
||||
considered the "Licensor." Except for the limited purpose of indicating
|
||||
that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as
|
||||
otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at
|
||||
creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the
|
||||
use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo
|
||||
of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,
|
||||
without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications
|
||||
to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements,
|
||||
understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For
|
||||
the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public
|
||||
licenses.
|
||||
|
||||
Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
|||
# Build presentation
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Copyright (C) 2019 Mike Gerwitz
|
||||
#
|
||||
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
||||
# (at your option) any later version.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||||
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||||
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||||
# GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
default: slides.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO: No local init.el! Isolate required options so that this is actually
|
||||
# portable!
|
||||
%.pdf: %.org %-preamble.tex
|
||||
emacs --batch -l ~/.emacs.d/init.el $< -f org-beamer-export-to-pdf
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO: Either script with GIMP or just use ImageMagick and get rid of xcfs
|
||||
%.png: %.xcf
|
||||
@echo 'Not yet implemented!' >&2
|
||||
@false
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# generated
|
||||
ff-*.png
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||
All images licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0
|
||||
International License. See ../COPYING.CCBYSA for more information.
|
||||
|
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
After Width: | Height: | Size: 84 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
After Width: | Height: | Size: 126 KiB |
|
@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
|
|||
#+startup: beamer
|
||||
#+TITLE: Computational Symbiosis: Methods That Meld Mind and Machine
|
||||
#+AUTHOR: Mike Gerwitz
|
||||
#+EMAIL: mtg@gnu.org
|
||||
#+DATE: LibrePlanet 2019
|
||||
#+BEAMER_HEADER: \title{Computational Symbiosis}
|
||||
#+BEAMER_HEADER: \subtitle{Methods That Meld Mind and Machine}
|
||||
#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil p:nil todo:nil stat:nil
|
||||
#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
|
||||
#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
|
||||
#+BEAMER_THEME: Madrid
|
||||
#+BEAMER_COLOR_THEME: beetle
|
||||
#+BEAMER_HEADER: \input{slides-preamble.tex}
|
||||
#+TODO: RAW(r) DEVOID(v) LACKING(l) DRAFT(d) REVIEWED(R) AUGMENT(A) | READY(,) REHEARSED(.)
|
||||
#+COLUMNS: %40ITEM %10DURATION{:} %8TODO %BEAMER_ENV(ENVIRONMENT)
|
||||
|
||||
* Project Notes :noexport:
|
||||
** Core Guidelines
|
||||
- Blur distinction between user and programmer.
|
||||
- Use only examples that non-programmers could come up with and understand.
|
||||
- GUIs /are/ sometimes the most efficient means of melding mind and machine.
|
||||
- De-emphasize doing everything on a terminal just because its "cool".
|
||||
|
||||
** Concepts [5/27]
|
||||
- [ ] =/sys= and such
|
||||
- [ ] Automating multi-step workflows with GNU Make
|
||||
- [ ] Concurrency
|
||||
- [ ] Connecting graphical and command line (X11 integration) [0/3]
|
||||
- [ ] Clipboard (image)
|
||||
- [ ] Clipboard (text)
|
||||
- [ ] X11 commands
|
||||
- [ ] Discoverability
|
||||
- Example: I used GIMP for editing some images for this talk because I
|
||||
thought it'd be faster to discover how to that way vs. ImageMagick docs.
|
||||
- [ ] Editor should keep up with your thoughts
|
||||
- Emphasize muscle memory
|
||||
- [-] Efficiency gains of light use of keybindings [2/3]
|
||||
- [X] Seldom change ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- [X] Some are universal (between programs) ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- [ ] Some context-sensitive and Just Work without having to hunt through
|
||||
context-specific menus
|
||||
- [ ] Emphasize free software community and how OS is built by so many
|
||||
contributors
|
||||
- Symbiosis is not only with machine, but community
|
||||
- [ ] Globbing
|
||||
- [ ] GnuPG and smart cards
|
||||
- [ ] Incremental development [0/3]
|
||||
- [ ] Develop as you go, perhaps just referencing history early on
|
||||
- [ ] Evolve by making portions of command dynamic (variables, subshells)
|
||||
- [ ] Transfer commands from history into scripts and aliases for re-use
|
||||
- [ ] Interactive prototyping
|
||||
- [ ] Looping
|
||||
- [ ] McIlroy and Knuth
|
||||
- [X] Mouse has dependency on positioning of UI elements ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- Changes over time, subject to user/system preferences, etc
|
||||
- [ ] Multiplexing with GNU Screen
|
||||
- [ ] Output redirection
|
||||
- [ ] Phone as an example of a device that best works with touch and GUIs
|
||||
and sacrifices practical freedom.
|
||||
- Requires specialized knowledge and is inconvenient to work with.
|
||||
- [X] Pipelines instead of intermediate files ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]).
|
||||
- [ ] Practically exercising software freedom [0/2]
|
||||
- [ ] Users need to be able to convey their thoughts to the computer
|
||||
without being programmers
|
||||
- [ ] Concise primitives / building blocks
|
||||
- [ ] Readline (history and editing)
|
||||
- [X] Regular expressions ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- [ ] Remote commands via SSH
|
||||
- [X] Text as a universal interface
|
||||
- [X] All programs can work with one-another ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- [X] Can replace any part of the process with a human---no difference
|
||||
between input from a program vs. from a keyboard. ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- [X] Using keybindings in a GUI with no mouse ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- Including transferring data between programs
|
||||
- [ ] Using macros to script keypresses (Vim)
|
||||
- [ ] Version control
|
||||
|
||||
** Programs [0/4]
|
||||
- [-] Coreutils / Common [3/12]
|
||||
- [ ] =column=
|
||||
- [ ] =diff=
|
||||
- [X] =echo= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]).
|
||||
- [ ] =find=
|
||||
- [ ] =gpg=
|
||||
- [X] =grep= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- [ ] =make= / Makefiles
|
||||
- [ ] =sort=
|
||||
- [ ] =ssh=
|
||||
- [ ] =uniq=
|
||||
- [ ] =wc=
|
||||
- [X] =wget= / =curl= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
|
||||
- [ ] More Sophisticated [0/3]
|
||||
- [ ] =awk=
|
||||
- [ ] =git=
|
||||
- [ ] =sed=
|
||||
- [ ] X11 / Graphical [0/5]
|
||||
- [ ] =convert=
|
||||
- [ ] =i3= / =xmonad= / etc
|
||||
- [ ] =import=
|
||||
- [ ] =setxkbmap=
|
||||
- [ ] =xclip= / =xsel=
|
||||
- [ ] Editors / Multiplexing [0/4]
|
||||
- [ ] =emacs=
|
||||
- [ ] =nano=
|
||||
- [ ] =vim=
|
||||
- [ ] =screen=
|
||||
|
||||
* DEVOID Slides [0/4]
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:ID: slides
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
** Summary :noexport:
|
||||
#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 2 :maxlevel 3 :indent t :id slides
|
||||
| ITEM | DURATION | TODO | ENVIRONMENT |
|
||||
|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
|
||||
| Slides | 1:00:00 | DEVOID | |
|
||||
|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
|
||||
| \_ Summary | | | |
|
||||
|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
|
||||
| \_ Introduction | | RAW | note |
|
||||
|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
|
||||
| \_ Choreographed Workflows | | DEVOID | fullframe |
|
||||
|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
|
||||
| \_ Practical Freedom | | DEVOID | fullframe |
|
||||
|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
|
||||
| \_ Practical Example: Web Browser | 1:00 | DEVOID | |
|
||||
| \_ Browser Topics | | | |
|
||||
| \_ Example: Web Browser | 1:00 | RAW | frame |
|
||||
| \_ Finding Text (Mouse-Driven GUI Interaction) | | RAW | frame |
|
||||
| \_ GUIs Change Over Time | | RAW | frame |
|
||||
|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
|
||||
| \_ Thank You | 00:00:01 | | fullframe |
|
||||
#+END:
|
||||
|
||||
** RAW Introduction :B_note:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: note
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
Hello, everyone!
|
||||
|
||||
My name is Mike Gerwitz.
|
||||
I am a free software hacker and activist with a focus on user privacy and
|
||||
security.
|
||||
I'm also a GNU Maintainer and software evaluator, and hold other
|
||||
various other administrative duties within GNU.
|
||||
I have about twenty years of programming experience,
|
||||
half of that professionally,
|
||||
And I've been a computer user for longer.
|
||||
|
||||
So I've been around long enough to see a decent evolution in how we interact
|
||||
with computers.
|
||||
I've gotten a sense of what feel right and wrong as both a user and a
|
||||
hacker.
|
||||
And interestingly,
|
||||
what I've settled on for my computing is really a toolset that was devised
|
||||
decades before I was even born,
|
||||
with some light modernization.
|
||||
|
||||
And those tools don't work for everyone.
|
||||
But I think a subset of them can.
|
||||
|
||||
So I'm here today to try to explore a healthy balance,
|
||||
and walk you through what I see as an efficient means of computing,
|
||||
based on the problems that I've encountered,
|
||||
and the problems I've seen others encounter over the years.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
** DEVOID Choreographed Workflows :B_fullframe:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
|
||||
Choreographed Workflows
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
** DEVOID Practical Freedom :B_fullframe:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
|
||||
Practical Freedom
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
** DEVOID Practical Example: Web Browser [0/3]
|
||||
*** Browser Topics [1/7] :noexport:
|
||||
This example is the main segue from GUIs into the utility of keybindings
|
||||
into shell, so it has to be compelling. I chose something that is
|
||||
frequently done by users: visiting webpages and searching for text.
|
||||
|
||||
- [X] Most webpages include styling, images, and other media that are best
|
||||
represented in a GUI.
|
||||
- Of course, I'm a firm believer in progressive enhancement, but this
|
||||
isn't a web development talk.
|
||||
- [-] Is it good for finding a word or phrase on a page? [1/4]
|
||||
- [X] Menu -> Find in This Page -> Type. Sure.
|
||||
- [ ] Instructing a user how to do this is inherently visual. Comment on
|
||||
my need to highlight areas of screenshots.
|
||||
- [ ] More experienced users may prefer =C-f=.
|
||||
- Emphasize the motion with my hand. Explain how that mental association
|
||||
is made. Really focus on this.
|
||||
- [ ] Location of menu has changed over time (show screenshots), but =C-f=
|
||||
has been unchanged for decades.
|
||||
- [ ] What if I had a list of five webpages and I wanted to get rid of the
|
||||
ones that didn't have that word? [0/5]
|
||||
- [ ] Mouse and GUI way:
|
||||
- Open each page in a new tab.
|
||||
- Menu -> Find on page -> Type.
|
||||
- Found, copy URL, open a word processor, paste.
|
||||
- Go back, click X on the tab.
|
||||
- Repeat.
|
||||
- [ ] Then show keybinding way:
|
||||
- *Demonstrate this on the LP laptop.*
|
||||
- Open programs with =M-F2=
|
||||
- Open each page in a new tab (=C-t=)
|
||||
- =C-f ESC=
|
||||
- =C-l C-c=
|
||||
- =M-TAB C-v RET=
|
||||
- =M-TAB C-w=
|
||||
- Repeat
|
||||
- [ ] Emphasize the profound differences between these approaches
|
||||
- [ ] This would work with nearly /any/ combination of web browser and
|
||||
text editor.
|
||||
- [ ] But what if I had 10? 100? 1000? This is still tedious and slow.
|
||||
- What if I could walk away and get a coffee, play with the kids,
|
||||
come back and have it done for me?
|
||||
- Emphasize how users familiar with the tools I haven't yet mentioned
|
||||
may know how to do this, but people who don't know of Unix tools
|
||||
will still be thinking in terms of the UI, trying to figure out how
|
||||
to automate it.
|
||||
- [ ] Right-click on page and View Source
|
||||
- Briefly mention HTML and =C-f=, show how the text is on the page.
|
||||
- [ ] Open a terminal [0/4]
|
||||
- [ ] Type =wget URL=
|
||||
- [ ] Show how it downloaded a file, useful for offline viewing
|
||||
- [ ] Open it in a text editor, show how the text is there. =C-f=.
|
||||
- We eliminated the web browser and can still find the text
|
||||
/using the same keybinding/.
|
||||
- [ ] =grep word file.html=
|
||||
- We have just eliminated the editor.
|
||||
- [ ] Eliminate the temporary file entirely using a pipe
|
||||
- Show both =wget -O-= and =curl=.
|
||||
- [ ] Now script discovering what pages contain a certain word [0/4]
|
||||
- [ ] Mention previous example of being emailed a list of URLs. Rather
|
||||
than pasting them into a file, let's discover them using the same
|
||||
tool: =grep=. Save email to a file.
|
||||
- [ ] =grep -o 'https\?://[^ ]\+'=, show how it gets a list of URLs.
|
||||
- Mention how powerful regexes are, e.g. "find all the phone numbers on
|
||||
a page".
|
||||
- [ ] Introduce =while= and =read=, showing how we can iteratively run
|
||||
commands, maybe =... | while read url; do echo "URL: $url"; done=.
|
||||
- [ ] Introduce =-q= flag for grep, and use it to conditionally output
|
||||
only the URLs at which the word can be found.
|
||||
- Not enough talk time to walk away and get a coffee, but let's see if
|
||||
we can maybe let it run for 10--30s while I blabber on. Depends on
|
||||
the connection speed at MIT with all the participants.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*** RAW Example: Web Browser :B_frame:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
||||
:DURATION: 1:00
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
[[file:images/web-browser.png]]
|
||||
|
||||
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
One of the only GUIs I use on a day-to-day basis is my web browser.
|
||||
In this case,
|
||||
GNU Icecat,
|
||||
which is a Firefox derivative.
|
||||
This is a screenshot of an admittedly staged session,
|
||||
and contains a number of addons.
|
||||
Perhaps most prominent is Tree-Style Tab,
|
||||
which displays tabs in a hierarchy off to the left rather than flatly at
|
||||
the top.
|
||||
I find this visual enhancement very useful when I have dozens or hundreds of
|
||||
tabs open.
|
||||
|
||||
There are text-mode web browsers,
|
||||
and I do occasionally use them.
|
||||
But it provides a very different experience.
|
||||
I don't want to spend too much time on my rationale,
|
||||
which as a professional web developer and activist focused on privacy and
|
||||
security run quite deep.
|
||||
For the sake of this talk,
|
||||
let's just recognize that most people who browse the internet use a
|
||||
graphical web browser;
|
||||
that's a simple fact.
|
||||
|
||||
I chose a web browser as an example because I feel that it's something that
|
||||
most everyone can relate to using,
|
||||
and most everyone can recognize the utility in---most
|
||||
people using Internet-connected devices use one at least a few
|
||||
times a week,
|
||||
if not every day.
|
||||
|
||||
*** RAW Finding Text (Mouse-Driven GUI Interaction) :B_frame:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
**** Images :B_columns:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: columns
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
***** Left :B_column:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: column
|
||||
:BEAMER_col: 0.30
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in
|
||||
[[file:images/ff-find-menu.png]]
|
||||
|
||||
***** Right :B_column:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: column
|
||||
:BEAMER_col: 0.70
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 3in
|
||||
[[file:images/ff-find-matches.png]]
|
||||
|
||||
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
The Web is used for many different things today,
|
||||
but its original purpose is to render documents.
|
||||
Take Wikipedia for instance.
|
||||
Or the LibrePlanet conference website.
|
||||
If you are looking for something specific on a page,
|
||||
a common operation is to search for a word or phrase,
|
||||
like shown here.
|
||||
|
||||
Now,
|
||||
how exactly to do this with a mouse varies depending on what program
|
||||
you're using,
|
||||
but here I highlighted the steps in a modern Icecat or Firefox.
|
||||
You start by clicking on the little hamburger, hotdog, or
|
||||
whatever-you-want-to-call-it menu in the upper-right,
|
||||
and then click on "Find in This Page" within the popup.
|
||||
This then opens a bar at the bottom of the page with an area to type the
|
||||
word or phrase you're searching for.
|
||||
It highlights and scrolls to the first match as you type,
|
||||
and has a button to highlight all results.
|
||||
It also shows the number of results off to the right.
|
||||
It's a simple,
|
||||
yet powerful mechanism that is pretty easy to use.
|
||||
|
||||
So does a GUI provide the right tool for the job?
|
||||
If you're just searching for a name or concept,
|
||||
sure,
|
||||
that seems to be true.
|
||||
A GUI _is_ useful here.
|
||||
|
||||
But notice how I had to convey these steps to you.
|
||||
I had to take screenshots and highlight where to click with the mouse.
|
||||
Since a GUI is inherently very visual,
|
||||
so are the instructions on how to use it.
|
||||
There is no canonical representation for these instructions,
|
||||
because it involves clicking on elements that have no clear name to the
|
||||
user.
|
||||
Unless you're in software or UX development,
|
||||
you may not know what to call that menu in the upper-right.
|
||||
Further,
|
||||
what do you call the bar at the bottom of the page?
|
||||
You have to describe it in a way that reproduces what the user sees.
|
||||
|
||||
*** RAW GUIs Change Over Time :B_frame:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
**** Images :B_columns:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: columns
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
***** Left :B_column:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: column
|
||||
:BEAMER_col: 0.50
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in
|
||||
[[file:images/ff-find-menu.png]]
|
||||
|
||||
***** Right :B_column:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: column
|
||||
:BEAMER_col: 0.50
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in
|
||||
[[file:images/ff-edit-find.png]]
|
||||
|
||||
#+BEAMER: \uncover<2>{\Large
|
||||
Ctrl+F
|
||||
#+BEAMER: }
|
||||
|
||||
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
Another difficult thing is: GUIs change over time.
|
||||
I'm sure there are people here who remember earlier versions of Firefox that
|
||||
didn't have the hamburger menu,
|
||||
where the Find menu option was in the Edit menu.
|
||||
By the way,
|
||||
those old menus do still exist if you hit Alt.
|
||||
I miss the old menus,
|
||||
personally,
|
||||
because it /did/ make it easier to convey actions in text.
|
||||
Saying "Go to Edit - Find" is pretty clear,
|
||||
and those menu positions were always in the same place across the entire
|
||||
desktop environment.
|
||||
Now individual programs may vary in the their user experience.
|
||||
|
||||
But do you notice something in common between these two screenshots?
|
||||
There's something that /hasn't/ changed over time---something
|
||||
that has been the same for /decades/!
|
||||
=Ctrl+F=.
|
||||
|
||||
When you type =Ctrl+F=,
|
||||
it immediately opens that search bar.
|
||||
Further,
|
||||
it works /in any browser/.
|
||||
Not only that,
|
||||
but =Ctrl+F= is so universal that it works /in nearly every GUI program that
|
||||
offers some type of search/!
|
||||
And it's /context-sensitive/!
|
||||
The program will just Do The Right Thing depending on where you are or what
|
||||
you're doing.
|
||||
|
||||
Muscle memory
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
** Thank You :B_fullframe:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
||||
:DURATION: 00:00:01
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
#+BEGIN_COMMENT
|
||||
Thank you.
|
||||
#+END_COMMENT
|
||||
|
||||
#+BEGIN_CENTER
|
||||
Mike Gerwitz
|
||||
|
||||
[[mailto:mtg@gnu.org][=mtg@gnu.org=]]
|
||||
|
||||
\bigskip
|
||||
|
||||
Slides and Source Code Available Online
|
||||
|
||||
<[[https://mikegerwitz.com/talks/cs4m]]>
|
||||
|
||||
\bigskip
|
||||
|
||||
\vfill
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0
|
||||
International License
|
||||
#+END_CENTER
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Exporting :noexport:
|
||||
For a non-interactive build, including all dependencies, simply run =make=.
|
||||
|
||||
Once all dependencies are built, you should be able to simply export this
|
||||
buffer as a Beamer presentation (=C-c C-e l P=) to get an updated PDF (or
|
||||
you can just run =make= again).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Copyright and Licenses :noexport:
|
||||
This file Copyright (C) 2019 Mike Gerwitz.
|
||||
|
||||
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0
|
||||
International License. See [[file:COPYING.CCBYSA]] for the full license text.
|
||||
|
||||
Additionally, all code fragments are dual-licensed as such:
|
||||
|
||||
All code fragments are free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
||||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||||
|
||||
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||||
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||||
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
along with this program (see [[file::COPYING]]). If not, see
|
||||
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Local Variables :noexport:
|
||||
# Local Variables:
|
||||
# org-todo-keyword-faces: (("DRAFT" . org-upcoming-deadline) \
|
||||
# ("DEVOID" . (:inherit org-warning \
|
||||
# :inverse-video t)) \
|
||||
# ("LACKING" . org-warning) \
|
||||
# ("REVIEWED" . "yellow") \
|
||||
# ("AUGMENT" . (:foreground "yellow" :bold t :underline t)) \
|
||||
# ("READY" . (:inherit org-scheduled :bold t :underline t)))
|
||||
# eval: (add-to-list 'org-structure-template-alist
|
||||
# '("C" "#+BEGIN_COMMENT\n?\n#+END_COMMENT"))
|
||||
# End:
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue