commit c604550086884eb47290e7435c234b0286657c68 Author: Mike Gerwitz Date: Mon Mar 4 23:39:04 2019 -0500 Initial concepts I want to get this under version control now or it's going to wind up not happening again, like in previous years. More to come. diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba30eff --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# build output +*.aux +*.pdf +*.tex +*.html +*.bbl + +# backup files +*~ + diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94a9ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/COPYING @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 3, 29 June 2007 + + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + + The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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If not, see . + + +default: slides.pdf + +# TODO: No local init.el! Isolate required options so that this is actually +# portable! +%.pdf: %.org %-preamble.tex + emacs --batch -l ~/.emacs.d/init.el $< -f org-beamer-export-to-pdf + +# TODO: Either script with GIMP or just use ImageMagick and get rid of xcfs +%.png: %.xcf + @echo 'Not yet implemented!' >&2 + @false diff --git a/images/.gitignore b/images/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab046b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# generated +ff-*.png + diff --git a/images/COPYING b/images/COPYING new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cea8566 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/COPYING @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +All images licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 +International License. See ../COPYING.CCBYSA for more information. + diff --git a/images/ff-edit-find.xcf b/images/ff-edit-find.xcf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6d505d Binary files /dev/null and b/images/ff-edit-find.xcf differ diff --git a/images/ff-find-matches.xcf b/images/ff-find-matches.xcf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae9dfd2 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/ff-find-matches.xcf differ diff --git a/images/ff-find-menu.xcf b/images/ff-find-menu.xcf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c537400 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/ff-find-menu.xcf differ diff --git a/images/gimp-borders.png b/images/gimp-borders.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d8d1a3 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/gimp-borders.png differ diff --git a/images/web-browser.png b/images/web-browser.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d30921f Binary files /dev/null and b/images/web-browser.png differ diff --git a/slides.org b/slides.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f58b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/slides.org @@ -0,0 +1,520 @@ +#+startup: beamer +#+TITLE: Computational Symbiosis: Methods That Meld Mind and Machine +#+AUTHOR: Mike Gerwitz +#+EMAIL: mtg@gnu.org +#+DATE: LibrePlanet 2019 +#+BEAMER_HEADER: \title{Computational Symbiosis} +#+BEAMER_HEADER: \subtitle{Methods That Meld Mind and Machine} +#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil p:nil todo:nil stat:nil +#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer +#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation] +#+BEAMER_THEME: Madrid +#+BEAMER_COLOR_THEME: beetle +#+BEAMER_HEADER: \input{slides-preamble.tex} +#+TODO: RAW(r) DEVOID(v) LACKING(l) DRAFT(d) REVIEWED(R) AUGMENT(A) | READY(,) REHEARSED(.) +#+COLUMNS: %40ITEM %10DURATION{:} %8TODO %BEAMER_ENV(ENVIRONMENT) + +* Project Notes :noexport: +** Core Guidelines +- Blur distinction between user and programmer. +- Use only examples that non-programmers could come up with and understand. +- GUIs /are/ sometimes the most efficient means of melding mind and machine. + - De-emphasize doing everything on a terminal just because its "cool". + +** Concepts [5/27] +- [ ] =/sys= and such +- [ ] Automating multi-step workflows with GNU Make +- [ ] Concurrency +- [ ] Connecting graphical and command line (X11 integration) [0/3] + - [ ] Clipboard (image) + - [ ] Clipboard (text) + - [ ] X11 commands +- [ ] Discoverability + - Example: I used GIMP for editing some images for this talk because I + thought it'd be faster to discover how to that way vs. ImageMagick docs. +- [ ] Editor should keep up with your thoughts + - Emphasize muscle memory +- [-] Efficiency gains of light use of keybindings [2/3] + - [X] Seldom change ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) + - [X] Some are universal (between programs) ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) + - [ ] Some context-sensitive and Just Work without having to hunt through + context-specific menus +- [ ] Emphasize free software community and how OS is built by so many + contributors + - Symbiosis is not only with machine, but community +- [ ] Globbing +- [ ] GnuPG and smart cards +- [ ] Incremental development [0/3] + - [ ] Develop as you go, perhaps just referencing history early on + - [ ] Evolve by making portions of command dynamic (variables, subshells) + - [ ] Transfer commands from history into scripts and aliases for re-use +- [ ] Interactive prototyping +- [ ] Looping +- [ ] McIlroy and Knuth +- [X] Mouse has dependency on positioning of UI elements ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) + - Changes over time, subject to user/system preferences, etc +- [ ] Multiplexing with GNU Screen +- [ ] Output redirection +- [ ] Phone as an example of a device that best works with touch and GUIs + and sacrifices practical freedom. + - Requires specialized knowledge and is inconvenient to work with. +- [X] Pipelines instead of intermediate files ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]). +- [ ] Practically exercising software freedom [0/2] + - [ ] Users need to be able to convey their thoughts to the computer + without being programmers + - [ ] Concise primitives / building blocks +- [ ] Readline (history and editing) +- [X] Regular expressions ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) +- [ ] Remote commands via SSH +- [X] Text as a universal interface + - [X] All programs can work with one-another ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) + - [X] Can replace any part of the process with a human---no difference + between input from a program vs. from a keyboard. ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) +- [X] Using keybindings in a GUI with no mouse ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) + - Including transferring data between programs +- [ ] Using macros to script keypresses (Vim) +- [ ] Version control + +** Programs [0/4] +- [-] Coreutils / Common [3/12] + - [ ] =column= + - [ ] =diff= + - [X] =echo= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]). + - [ ] =find= + - [ ] =gpg= + - [X] =grep= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) + - [ ] =make= / Makefiles + - [ ] =sort= + - [ ] =ssh= + - [ ] =uniq= + - [ ] =wc= + - [X] =wget= / =curl= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]) +- [ ] More Sophisticated [0/3] + - [ ] =awk= + - [ ] =git= + - [ ] =sed= +- [ ] X11 / Graphical [0/5] + - [ ] =convert= + - [ ] =i3= / =xmonad= / etc + - [ ] =import= + - [ ] =setxkbmap= + - [ ] =xclip= / =xsel= +- [ ] Editors / Multiplexing [0/4] + - [ ] =emacs= + - [ ] =nano= + - [ ] =vim= + - [ ] =screen= + +* DEVOID Slides [0/4] +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: slides +:END: + +** Summary :noexport: +#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 2 :maxlevel 3 :indent t :id slides +| ITEM | DURATION | TODO | ENVIRONMENT | +|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------| +| Slides | 1:00:00 | DEVOID | | +|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------| +| \_ Summary | | | | +|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------| +| \_ Introduction | | RAW | note | +|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------| +| \_ Choreographed Workflows | | DEVOID | fullframe | +|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------| +| \_ Practical Freedom | | DEVOID | fullframe | +|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------| +| \_ Practical Example: Web Browser | 1:00 | DEVOID | | +| \_ Browser Topics | | | | +| \_ Example: Web Browser | 1:00 | RAW | frame | +| \_ Finding Text (Mouse-Driven GUI Interaction) | | RAW | frame | +| \_ GUIs Change Over Time | | RAW | frame | +|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------| +| \_ Thank You | 00:00:01 | | fullframe | +#+END: + +** RAW Introduction :B_note: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: note +:END: +Hello, everyone! + +My name is Mike Gerwitz. +I am a free software hacker and activist with a focus on user privacy and + security. +I'm also a GNU Maintainer and software evaluator, and hold other + various other administrative duties within GNU. +I have about twenty years of programming experience, + half of that professionally, +And I've been a computer user for longer. + +So I've been around long enough to see a decent evolution in how we interact + with computers. +I've gotten a sense of what feel right and wrong as both a user and a + hacker. +And interestingly, + what I've settled on for my computing is really a toolset that was devised + decades before I was even born, + with some light modernization. + +And those tools don't work for everyone. +But I think a subset of them can. + +So I'm here today to try to explore a healthy balance, + and walk you through what I see as an efficient means of computing, + based on the problems that I've encountered, + and the problems I've seen others encounter over the years. + + +** DEVOID Choreographed Workflows :B_fullframe: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: fullframe +:END: + +#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext +Choreographed Workflows + + +** DEVOID Practical Freedom :B_fullframe: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: fullframe +:END: + +#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext +Practical Freedom + + +** DEVOID Practical Example: Web Browser [0/3] +*** Browser Topics [1/7] :noexport: +This example is the main segue from GUIs into the utility of keybindings +into shell, so it has to be compelling. I chose something that is +frequently done by users: visiting webpages and searching for text. + +- [X] Most webpages include styling, images, and other media that are best + represented in a GUI. + - Of course, I'm a firm believer in progressive enhancement, but this + isn't a web development talk. +- [-] Is it good for finding a word or phrase on a page? [1/4] + - [X] Menu -> Find in This Page -> Type. Sure. + - [ ] Instructing a user how to do this is inherently visual. Comment on + my need to highlight areas of screenshots. + - [ ] More experienced users may prefer =C-f=. + - Emphasize the motion with my hand. Explain how that mental association + is made. Really focus on this. + - [ ] Location of menu has changed over time (show screenshots), but =C-f= + has been unchanged for decades. +- [ ] What if I had a list of five webpages and I wanted to get rid of the + ones that didn't have that word? [0/5] + - [ ] Mouse and GUI way: + - Open each page in a new tab. + - Menu -> Find on page -> Type. + - Found, copy URL, open a word processor, paste. + - Go back, click X on the tab. + - Repeat. + - [ ] Then show keybinding way: + - *Demonstrate this on the LP laptop.* + - Open programs with =M-F2= + - Open each page in a new tab (=C-t=) + - =C-f ESC= + - =C-l C-c= + - =M-TAB C-v RET= + - =M-TAB C-w= + - Repeat + - [ ] Emphasize the profound differences between these approaches + - [ ] This would work with nearly /any/ combination of web browser and + text editor. + - [ ] But what if I had 10? 100? 1000? This is still tedious and slow. + - What if I could walk away and get a coffee, play with the kids, + come back and have it done for me? + - Emphasize how users familiar with the tools I haven't yet mentioned + may know how to do this, but people who don't know of Unix tools + will still be thinking in terms of the UI, trying to figure out how + to automate it. +- [ ] Right-click on page and View Source + - Briefly mention HTML and =C-f=, show how the text is on the page. +- [ ] Open a terminal [0/4] + - [ ] Type =wget URL= + - [ ] Show how it downloaded a file, useful for offline viewing + - [ ] Open it in a text editor, show how the text is there. =C-f=. + - We eliminated the web browser and can still find the text + /using the same keybinding/. + - [ ] =grep word file.html= + - We have just eliminated the editor. +- [ ] Eliminate the temporary file entirely using a pipe + - Show both =wget -O-= and =curl=. +- [ ] Now script discovering what pages contain a certain word [0/4] + - [ ] Mention previous example of being emailed a list of URLs. Rather + than pasting them into a file, let's discover them using the same + tool: =grep=. Save email to a file. + - [ ] =grep -o 'https\?://[^ ]\+'=, show how it gets a list of URLs. + - Mention how powerful regexes are, e.g. "find all the phone numbers on + a page". + - [ ] Introduce =while= and =read=, showing how we can iteratively run + commands, maybe =... | while read url; do echo "URL: $url"; done=. + - [ ] Introduce =-q= flag for grep, and use it to conditionally output + only the URLs at which the word can be found. + - Not enough talk time to walk away and get a coffee, but let's see if + we can maybe let it run for 10--30s while I blabber on. Depends on + the connection speed at MIT with all the participants. + + +*** RAW Example: Web Browser :B_frame: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: frame +:DURATION: 1:00 +:END: + +[[file:images/web-browser.png]] + +**** Notes :B_noteNH: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: noteNH +:END: + +One of the only GUIs I use on a day-to-day basis is my web browser. +In this case, + GNU Icecat, + which is a Firefox derivative. +This is a screenshot of an admittedly staged session, + and contains a number of addons. +Perhaps most prominent is Tree-Style Tab, + which displays tabs in a hierarchy off to the left rather than flatly at + the top. +I find this visual enhancement very useful when I have dozens or hundreds of + tabs open. + +There are text-mode web browsers, + and I do occasionally use them. +But it provides a very different experience. +I don't want to spend too much time on my rationale, + which as a professional web developer and activist focused on privacy and + security run quite deep. +For the sake of this talk, + let's just recognize that most people who browse the internet use a + graphical web browser; + that's a simple fact. + +I chose a web browser as an example because I feel that it's something that + most everyone can relate to using, + and most everyone can recognize the utility in---most + people using Internet-connected devices use one at least a few + times a week, + if not every day. + +*** RAW Finding Text (Mouse-Driven GUI Interaction) :B_frame: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: frame +:END: + +**** Images :B_columns: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: columns +:END: + +***** Left :B_column: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: column +:BEAMER_col: 0.30 +:END: + +#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in +[[file:images/ff-find-menu.png]] + +***** Right :B_column: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: column +:BEAMER_col: 0.70 +:END: + +#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 3in +[[file:images/ff-find-matches.png]] + +**** Notes :B_noteNH: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: noteNH +:END: + +The Web is used for many different things today, + but its original purpose is to render documents. +Take Wikipedia for instance. +Or the LibrePlanet conference website. +If you are looking for something specific on a page, + a common operation is to search for a word or phrase, + like shown here. + +Now, + how exactly to do this with a mouse varies depending on what program + you're using, + but here I highlighted the steps in a modern Icecat or Firefox. +You start by clicking on the little hamburger, hotdog, or + whatever-you-want-to-call-it menu in the upper-right, + and then click on "Find in This Page" within the popup. +This then opens a bar at the bottom of the page with an area to type the + word or phrase you're searching for. +It highlights and scrolls to the first match as you type, + and has a button to highlight all results. +It also shows the number of results off to the right. +It's a simple, + yet powerful mechanism that is pretty easy to use. + +So does a GUI provide the right tool for the job? +If you're just searching for a name or concept, + sure, + that seems to be true. +A GUI _is_ useful here. + +But notice how I had to convey these steps to you. +I had to take screenshots and highlight where to click with the mouse. +Since a GUI is inherently very visual, + so are the instructions on how to use it. +There is no canonical representation for these instructions, + because it involves clicking on elements that have no clear name to the + user. +Unless you're in software or UX development, + you may not know what to call that menu in the upper-right. +Further, + what do you call the bar at the bottom of the page? +You have to describe it in a way that reproduces what the user sees. + +*** RAW GUIs Change Over Time :B_frame: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: frame +:END: +**** Images :B_columns: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: columns +:END: + +***** Left :B_column: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: column +:BEAMER_col: 0.50 +:END: + +#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in +[[file:images/ff-find-menu.png]] + +***** Right :B_column: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: column +:BEAMER_col: 0.50 +:END: + +#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in +[[file:images/ff-edit-find.png]] + +#+BEAMER: \uncover<2>{\Large +Ctrl+F +#+BEAMER: } + +**** Notes :B_noteNH: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: noteNH +:END: + +Another difficult thing is: GUIs change over time. +I'm sure there are people here who remember earlier versions of Firefox that + didn't have the hamburger menu, + where the Find menu option was in the Edit menu. +By the way, + those old menus do still exist if you hit Alt. +I miss the old menus, + personally, + because it /did/ make it easier to convey actions in text. +Saying "Go to Edit - Find" is pretty clear, + and those menu positions were always in the same place across the entire + desktop environment. +Now individual programs may vary in the their user experience. + +But do you notice something in common between these two screenshots? +There's something that /hasn't/ changed over time---something + that has been the same for /decades/! +=Ctrl+F=. + +When you type =Ctrl+F=, + it immediately opens that search bar. +Further, + it works /in any browser/. +Not only that, + but =Ctrl+F= is so universal that it works /in nearly every GUI program that + offers some type of search/! +And it's /context-sensitive/! +The program will just Do The Right Thing depending on where you are or what + you're doing. + +Muscle memory + + +** Thank You :B_fullframe: +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: fullframe +:DURATION: 00:00:01 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_COMMENT +Thank you. +#+END_COMMENT + +#+BEGIN_CENTER +Mike Gerwitz + +[[mailto:mtg@gnu.org][=mtg@gnu.org=]] + +\bigskip + +Slides and Source Code Available Online + +<[[https://mikegerwitz.com/talks/cs4m]]> + +\bigskip + +\vfill + +Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 +International License +#+END_CENTER + + +* Exporting :noexport: +For a non-interactive build, including all dependencies, simply run =make=. + +Once all dependencies are built, you should be able to simply export this +buffer as a Beamer presentation (=C-c C-e l P=) to get an updated PDF (or +you can just run =make= again). + + +* Copyright and Licenses :noexport: +This file Copyright (C) 2019 Mike Gerwitz. + +This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 +International License. See [[file:COPYING.CCBYSA]] for the full license text. + +Additionally, all code fragments are dual-licensed as such: + +All code fragments are free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with this program (see [[file::COPYING]]). If not, see +. + + +* Local Variables :noexport: +# Local Variables: +# org-todo-keyword-faces: (("DRAFT" . org-upcoming-deadline) \ +# ("DEVOID" . (:inherit org-warning \ +# :inverse-video t)) \ +# ("LACKING" . org-warning) \ +# ("REVIEWED" . "yellow") \ +# ("AUGMENT" . (:foreground "yellow" :bold t :underline t)) \ +# ("READY" . (:inherit org-scheduled :bold t :underline t))) +# eval: (add-to-list 'org-structure-template-alist +# '("C" "#+BEGIN_COMMENT\n?\n#+END_COMMENT")) +# End: