2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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#+startup: beamer
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#+TITLE: Computational Symbiosis: Methods That Meld Mind and Machine
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#+AUTHOR: Mike Gerwitz
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#+EMAIL: mtg@gnu.org
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#+DATE: LibrePlanet 2019
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#+BEAMER_HEADER: \title{Computational Symbiosis}
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#+BEAMER_HEADER: \subtitle{Methods That Meld Mind and Machine}
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#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil p:nil todo:nil stat:nil
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#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
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#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
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#+BEAMER_THEME: Madrid
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#+BEAMER_COLOR_THEME: beetle
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#+BEAMER_HEADER: \input{slides-preamble.tex}
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#+TODO: RAW(r) DEVOID(v) LACKING(l) DRAFT(d) REVIEWED(R) AUGMENT(A) | READY(,) REHEARSED(.)
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#+COLUMNS: %40ITEM %10DURATION{:} %8TODO %BEAMER_ENV(ENVIRONMENT)
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* Project Notes :noexport:
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** Core Guidelines
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- Blur distinction between user and programmer.
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- Use only examples that non-programmers could come up with and understand.
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- GUIs /are/ sometimes the most efficient means of melding mind and machine.
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- De-emphasize doing everything on a terminal just because its "cool".
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2019-03-10 22:38:26 -04:00
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** Concepts [7/28]
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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- [ ] =/sys= and such
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- [ ] Automating multi-step workflows with GNU Make
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- [ ] Concurrency
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- [ ] Connecting graphical and command line (X11 integration) [0/3]
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- [ ] Clipboard (image)
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- [ ] Clipboard (text)
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- [ ] X11 commands
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- [ ] Discoverability
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- Example: I used GIMP for editing some images for this talk because I
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thought it'd be faster to discover how to that way vs. ImageMagick docs.
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- [ ] Editor should keep up with your thoughts
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- Emphasize muscle memory
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- [-] Efficiency gains of light use of keybindings [2/3]
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- [X] Seldom change ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
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- [X] Some are universal (between programs) ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
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- [ ] Some context-sensitive and Just Work without having to hunt through
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context-specific menus
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- [ ] Emphasize free software community and how OS is built by so many
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contributors
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- Symbiosis is not only with machine, but community
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- [ ] Globbing
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- [ ] GnuPG and smart cards
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- [ ] Incremental development [0/3]
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- [ ] Develop as you go, perhaps just referencing history early on
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- [ ] Evolve by making portions of command dynamic (variables, subshells)
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- [ ] Transfer commands from history into scripts and aliases for re-use
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- [ ] Interactive prototyping
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- [X] Looping ([[*Perspective Topics][Perspective Topics]])
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- [ ] McIlroy and Knuth
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- [X] Mouse has dependency on positioning of UI elements ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
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- Changes over time, subject to user/system preferences, etc
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- [ ] Multiplexing with GNU Screen
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- [ ] Output redirection
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- [ ] Phone as an example of a device that best works with touch and GUIs
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and sacrifices practical freedom.
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- Requires specialized knowledge and is inconvenient to work with.
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- [X] Pipelines instead of intermediate files ([[*Perspective Topics][Perspective Topics]]).
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- [ ] Practically exercising software freedom [0/2]
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- [ ] Users need to be able to convey their thoughts to the computer
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without being programmers
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- [ ] Concise primitives / building blocks
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- [ ] Readline (history and editing)
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- [X] Regular expressions ([[*Perspective Topics][Perspective Topics]])
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- [ ] Remote commands via SSH
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- [X] Text as a universal interface
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- [X] All programs can work with one-another ([[*Perspective Topics][Perspective Topics]])
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- [X] Can replace any part of the process with a human---no difference
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between input from a program vs. from a keyboard. ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
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- [X] The Unix Philosophy ([[*Perspective Topics][Perspective Topics]])
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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- [X] Using keybindings in a GUI with no mouse ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
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- Including transferring data between programs
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- [ ] Using macros to script keypresses (Vim)
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- [ ] Version control
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2019-03-08 22:38:21 -05:00
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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** Programs [0/4]
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- [-] Coreutils / Common [3/12]
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- [ ] =column=
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- [ ] =diff=
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- [X] =echo= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]]).
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- [ ] =find=
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- [ ] =gpg=
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- [X] =grep= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
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- [ ] =make= / Makefiles
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- [ ] =sort=
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- [ ] =ssh=
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- [ ] =uniq=
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- [ ] =wc=
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- [X] =wget= / =curl= ([[*Browser Topics][Browser Topics]])
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- [ ] Miscellaneous [0/8]
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- [ ] =awk=
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- [ ] =cowsay=
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- [ ] =dict=
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- [ ] =espeak=
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- [ ] =git=
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- [ ] =mpv= (e.g. my =pronounce=)
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- [ ] =torify=
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- [ ] =sed=
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- [ ] X11 / Graphical [0/5]
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- [ ] =convert=
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- [ ] =i3= / =xmonad= / etc
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- [ ] =import=
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- [ ] =setxkbmap=
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- [ ] =xclip= / =xsel=
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- [ ] Editors / Multiplexing [0/4]
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- [ ] =emacs=
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- [ ] =nano=
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- [ ] =vim=
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- [ ] =screen=
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2019-03-10 22:38:26 -04:00
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* DEVOID Slides [0/5]
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:PROPERTIES:
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:ID: slides
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:END:
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** Summary :noexport:
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#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 2 :maxlevel 3 :indent t :id slides
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| ITEM | DURATION | TODO | ENVIRONMENT |
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|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
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| Slides | 1:00:00 | DEVOID | |
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|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
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| \_ Summary | | | |
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|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
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| \_ Introduction | | RAW | note |
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|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
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| \_ Choreographed Workflows | | DEVOID | fullframe |
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|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
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| \_ Practical Freedom | | DEVOID | fullframe |
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|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
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| \_ Practical Example: Web Browser | 1:00 | RAW | |
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| \_ Browser Topics | | | |
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| \_ Example: Web Browser | 1:00 | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Finding Text (Mouse-Driven GUI Interaction) | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ GUIs Change Over Time | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Ctrl+F---Just Works | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Muscle Memory | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ A Research Task | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ Executing the Research Task | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ GUIs of a Feather | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ Macro-Like Keyboard Instructions | | RAW | fullframe |
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|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
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| \_ A New Perspective | | DEVOID | |
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| \_ Perspective Topics | | | |
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| \_ Secrets? | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ Lifting the Curtain | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Web Page Source Code | | RAW | block |
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| \_ Text | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ Text is a Universal Interface | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ The Shell Command Prompt | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Eliminating the Web Browser | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Browser vs. =wget= Comparison | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Finding Text on the Command Line | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ A More Gentle Reply | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Writing to Files (Redirection) | | RAW | frame |
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| \_ Starting Our List | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ Command Refactoring | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ Again: Text is a Universal Interface | | RAW | againframe |
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| \_ Pipelines | | RAW | fullframe |
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| \_ Summary of the Unix Philosophy | | RAW | fullframe |
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|---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------|
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| \_ Thank You | 00:00:01 | | fullframe |
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#+END:
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** RAW Introduction :B_note:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: note
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:END:
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Hello, everyone!
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My name is Mike Gerwitz.
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I am a free software hacker and activist with a focus on user privacy and
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security.
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I'm also a GNU Maintainer and software evaluator, and hold other
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various other administrative duties within GNU.
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I have about twenty years of programming experience,
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half of that professionally,
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And I've been a computer user for longer.
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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So I've been around long enough to see a decent evolution in how we interact
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with computers.
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I've gotten a sense of what feel right and wrong as both a user and a
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hacker.
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And interestingly,
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what I've settled on for my computing is really a toolset that was devised
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decades before I was even born,
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with some light modernization.
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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And those tools don't work for everyone.
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But I think a subset of them can.
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So I'm here today to try to explore a healthy balance,
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and walk you through what I see as an efficient means of computing,
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based on the problems that I've encountered,
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and the problems I've seen others encounter over the years.
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** DEVOID Choreographed Workflows :B_fullframe:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: fullframe
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:END:
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#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
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Choreographed Workflows
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** DEVOID Practical Freedom :B_fullframe:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: fullframe
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:END:
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#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
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Practical Freedom
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2019-03-08 22:38:21 -05:00
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** RAW Practical Example: Web Browser [0/9]
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*** Browser Topics [3/3] :noexport:
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This example is the main segue from GUIs into the utility of keybindings
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into shell, so it has to be compelling. I chose something that is
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frequently done by users: visiting webpages and searching for text.
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- [X] Most webpages include styling, images, and other media that are best
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represented in a GUI.
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- Of course, I'm a firm believer in progressive enhancement, but this
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isn't a web development talk.
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2019-03-05 01:06:02 -05:00
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- [X] Is it good for finding a word or phrase on a page? [4/4]
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- [X] Menu -> Find in This Page -> Type. Sure.
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- [X] Instructing a user how to do this is inherently visual. Comment on
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my need to highlight areas of screenshots.
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- [X] More experienced users may prefer =C-f=.
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- Emphasize the motion with my hand. Explain how that mental association
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is made. Really focus on this.
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2019-03-05 01:06:02 -05:00
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- [X] Location of menu has changed over time (show screenshots), but =C-f=
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has been unchanged for decades.
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- [X] What if I had a list of five webpages and I wanted to get rid of the
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ones that didn't have that word? [4/4]
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- [X] Mouse and GUI way:
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- Open each page in a new tab.
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- Menu -> Find on page -> Type.
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- Found, copy URL, open a word processor, paste.
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- Go back, click X on the tab.
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- Repeat.
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- [X] Then show keybinding way:
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- *Demonstrate this on the LP laptop.*
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- Open programs with =M-F2=
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- Open each page in a new tab (=C-t=)
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- =C-f ESC=
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- =C-l C-c=
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- =M-TAB C-v RET=
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- =M-TAB C-w=
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- Repeat
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- [X] This would work with nearly /any/ combination of web browser and
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text editor.
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- [X] But what if I had 10? 100? 1000? This is still tedious and slow.
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*** RAW Example: Web Browser :B_frame:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: frame
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:DURATION: 1:00
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:END:
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[[file:images/web-browser.png]]
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**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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One of the only GUIs I use on a day-to-day basis is my web browser.
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In this case,
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GNU Icecat,
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which is a Firefox derivative.
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This is a screenshot of an admittedly staged session,
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and contains a number of addons.
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Perhaps most prominent is Tree-Style Tab,
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which displays tabs in a hierarchy off to the left rather than flatly at
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the top.
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I find this visual enhancement very useful when I have dozens or hundreds of
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tabs open.
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2019-03-08 22:38:21 -05:00
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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There are text-mode web browsers,
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and I do occasionally use them.
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But it provides a very different experience.
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I don't want to spend too much time on my rationale,
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which as a professional web developer and activist focused on privacy and
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security run quite deep.
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For the sake of this talk,
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let's just recognize that most people who browse the internet use a
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graphical web browser;
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that's a simple fact.
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2019-03-08 22:38:21 -05:00
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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I chose a web browser as an example because I feel that it's something that
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most everyone can relate to using,
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and most everyone can recognize the utility in---most
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people using Internet-connected devices use one at least a few
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times a week,
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if not every day.
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*** RAW Finding Text (Mouse-Driven GUI Interaction) :B_frame:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: frame
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:END:
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**** Images :B_columns:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: columns
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:END:
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***** Left :B_column:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: column
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:BEAMER_col: 0.30
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:END:
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#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in
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[[file:images/ff-find-menu.png]]
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***** Right :B_column:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: column
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:BEAMER_col: 0.70
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:END:
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#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 3in
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[[file:images/ff-find-matches.png]]
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**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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The Web is used for many different things today,
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but its original purpose is to render documents.
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Take Wikipedia for instance.
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Or the LibrePlanet conference website.
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If you are looking for something specific on a page,
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a common operation is to search for a word or phrase,
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like shown here.
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Now,
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how exactly to do this with a mouse varies depending on what program
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you're using,
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but here I highlighted the steps in a modern Icecat or Firefox.
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You start by clicking on the little hamburger, hotdog, or
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whatever-you-want-to-call-it menu in the upper-right,
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and then click on "Find in This Page" within the popup.
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This then opens a bar at the bottom of the page with an area to type the
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word or phrase you're searching for.
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It highlights and scrolls to the first match as you type,
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and has a button to highlight all results.
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It also shows the number of results off to the right.
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It's a simple,
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yet powerful mechanism that is pretty easy to use.
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2019-03-08 22:38:21 -05:00
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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So does a GUI provide the right tool for the job?
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If you're just searching for a name or concept,
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sure,
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that seems to be true.
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A GUI _is_ useful here.
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But notice how I had to convey these steps to you.
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I had to take screenshots and highlight where to click with the mouse.
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Since a GUI is inherently very visual,
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so are the instructions on how to use it.
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There is no canonical representation for these instructions,
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because it involves clicking on elements that have no clear name to the
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user.
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Unless you're in software or UX development,
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you may not know what to call that menu in the upper-right.
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Further,
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what do you call the bar at the bottom of the page?
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You have to describe it in a way that reproduces what the user sees.
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*** RAW GUIs Change Over Time :B_frame:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: frame
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:END:
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**** Images :B_columns:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: columns
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:END:
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***** Left :B_column:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: column
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:BEAMER_col: 0.50
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:END:
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#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in
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[[file:images/ff-find-menu.png]]
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***** Right :B_column:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: column
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:BEAMER_col: 0.50
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:END:
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#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 1.5in
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[[file:images/ff-edit-find.png]]
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#+BEAMER: \uncover<2>{\Large
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Ctrl+F
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#+BEAMER: }
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**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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Another difficult thing is: GUIs change over time.
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I'm sure there are people here who remember earlier versions of Firefox that
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didn't have the hamburger menu,
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where the Find menu option was in the Edit menu.
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By the way,
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those old menus do still exist if you hit Alt.
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I miss the old menus,
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personally,
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because it /did/ make it easier to convey actions in text.
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Saying "Go to Edit - Find" is pretty clear,
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and those menu positions were always in the same place across the entire
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desktop environment.
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Now individual programs may vary in the their user experience.
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But do you notice something in common between these two screenshots?
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There's something that /hasn't/ changed over time---something
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that has been the same for /decades/!
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=Ctrl+F=.
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2019-03-05 01:06:02 -05:00
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2019-03-08 22:38:21 -05:00
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*** RAW Ctrl+F---Just Works :B_frame:
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2019-03-05 01:06:02 -05:00
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: frame
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:END:
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- Most GUI programs that offer search
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- Context-sensitive---Do The Right Thing
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**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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When you type =Ctrl+F=,
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2019-03-05 01:06:02 -05:00
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it immediately opens that search bar and gives focus to the textbox,
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so you can just start typing.
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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Further,
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it works /in any browser/.
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Not only that,
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but =Ctrl+F= is so universal that it works /in nearly every GUI program that
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offers some type of search/!
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And it's /context-sensitive/!
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The program will just Do The Right Thing depending on where you are or what
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you're doing.
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2019-03-05 01:06:02 -05:00
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2019-03-08 22:38:21 -05:00
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*** RAW Muscle Memory :B_fullframe:
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2019-03-05 01:06:02 -05:00
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: fullframe
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:END:
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#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
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Muscle Memory
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#+BEAMER: \fullsubtext
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Visual \Rightarrow Tactile
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**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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But there's something more profound that has happened here,
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that many users don't even think about.
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We have switched our mode of interaction.
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With a mouse and a GUI,
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interaction is driven by visual indicators.
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The position of your hand isn't meaningful,
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because your mouse cursor could be anywhere on the screen at any given
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time;
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your eyes provide the context.
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It's hard to use a GUI with your eyes closed.
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But by hitting =Ctrl+F=,
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we've completely changed how we interact with the system.
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It's now /tactile/.
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You associate a finger placement;
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a motion;
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and the feeling of the keys being pressed beneath your fingers;
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with an action---finding
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something.
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You develop muscle memory.
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You _can_ trigger this feature with your eyes closed.
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/(Repeatedly make motion with hand and fingers like a madman during the
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above paragraph.)/
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But that's a pretty trivial example.
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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2019-03-08 22:38:21 -05:00
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*** RAW A Research Task :B_fullframe:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: fullframe
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:END:
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#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
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Research Task:
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#+BEAMER: \fullsubtext
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Given a list of webpage URLs
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#+BEAMER: \smallsubskip
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find all that /do not/ contain ``free software''
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**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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Let's explore a fairly simple research task together.
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Let's say I email you a handfull of URLs---say,
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maybe 5 or 10 of them---that
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are articles about software or technology.
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And I want you to come up with a list of the webpages that /do not/ contain
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the phrase ``free software'' so that I can get a better idea of ones to
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focus my activism on.
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How might we approach this problem as an average user?
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*** RAW Executing the Research Task :B_frame:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: frame
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:END:
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**** Approaches :B_columns:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: columns
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:END:
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***** Mouse :B_column:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: column
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:BEAMER_col: 0.50
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:END:
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_Mouse_
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1. Click `+' for each new tab, enter\nbsp{}URL
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2. Menu \rightarrow Find in This Page
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3. Type ``free software''
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4. If found, go to #9
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5. If /not/ found, highlight URL, right-click, copy
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6. Click on text editor
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7. Right-click, paste URL, hit =RET= for newline
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8. Click on web browser
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9. Click `X' on tab, go to #2
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******* Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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/(Perhaps I should demonstrate this right away rather than reading through
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the list first, to save time?)/
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Let's first use the mouse as many users probably would.
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To set up,
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let's open each URL in a new tab.
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We click on the little `+' icon for a new tab and then enter the URL,
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once for each webpage,
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perhaps copying the URL from the email message.
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Once we're all set up,
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we don't care about the email anymore,
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but we need a place to store our results,
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so we open a text editor to paste URLs into.
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Now, for each tab,
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we click on the little hamburger menu,
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click on ``Find in This Page'',
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and then type ``free software''.
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If we /do not/ see a result,
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we move our mouse to the location bar,
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click on it to highlight the URL,
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right-click on it to copy it to our clipboard,
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click on the text editor to give it focus,
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right-click on the editor and click on ``Paste'' to insert the URL,
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and then hit the return key to move to the next line.
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We then go back to the web browser.
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If we /do/ see a result,
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we skip copying over the URL.
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Then we close the tab by clicking on the `X'.
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We repeat this for each tab,
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until they have all been closed.
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When we're done,
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whatever is in our text editor is the list of URLs of webpages that do not
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reference ``free software'',
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and we're done.
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Simple enough,
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|
right?
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But it's a bit of a pain in the ass.
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All this clicking around doesn't really /feel/ like we're melding mind and
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machine, does it?
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What if we used our =Ctrl+F= trick?
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That saves us a couple clicks.
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But what if we could save even more clicks?
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|
***** Keyboard :B_column:
|
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|
:PROPERTIES:
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|
:BEAMER_env: column
|
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|
:BEAMER_col: 0.50
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:END:
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#+BEAMER: \uncover<2>{
|
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|
_Keyboard_
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1. *=Ctrl+T=* for each new tab, enter\nbsp{}URL
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2. *=Ctrl+F=* to find
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|
3. Type ``free software''
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4. If found, go to #9
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5. If /not/ found, *=Ctrl+L Ctrl+C=* to copy URL
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|
6. *=Alt+Tab=* to text editor
|
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|
7. *=Ctrl+V RET=* to paste URL and add newline
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8. *=Alt+Tab=* to web browser
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9. *=Ctrl+W=* to close tab, go to #2
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#+BEAMER: }
|
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|
|
******* Notes :B_noteNH:
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|
:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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Fortunately we have /many/ more keybindings at our disposal!
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We'll start with opening each new tab with =Ctrl+T= instead of clicking on
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`+' with the mouse.
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/(Maybe show copying the URL from the email without the mouse?)/
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To open our text editor,
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we'll use =Alt+F4=,
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which is a common keybinding for many window managers and operating
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|
systems to open a dialog to enter a program to run.
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Once we're all set up,
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we start with the first tab and use =Ctrl+F= as we've seen before,
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and then type ``free software''.
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If we /do not/ find a match,
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we're ready to copy the URL.
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|
Hitting =Ctrl+L= will take us to the location bar and highlight the URL.
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|
We can then hit =Ctrl+C= to copy the URL to the clipboard.
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|
|
=Alt+Tab= is supported by a wide variety of window managers on a variety of
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|
|
operating systems to switch between windows of running programs,
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usually in the order of most recently focused.
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So hitting it once should take us to our text editor.
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We then paste with =Ctrl+V= and hit return to insert a newline.
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We can then go back to the web browser by hitting =Alt+Tab= again.
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|
Once again,
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if there /was/ a match,
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we skip that copy step.
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We then close the tab with =Ctrl+W=.
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Repeat, and we're done all the same as before.
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|
As a bonus,
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save with =Ctrl+S=.
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|
What's interesting about this approach is that we didn't have to use the
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|
mouse at all,
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|
unless maybe you used it to highlight the URL in the email.
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|
You could get into quite the rhythm with this approach,
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|
and your hands never have to leave the keyboard.
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|
This is a bit of a faster,
|
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|
|
more efficient way to convey our thoughts to the machine,
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|
right?
|
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|
We don't have to seek out our actions each time in the GUI---the
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|
operations are always at our fingertips,
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|
literally.
|
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|
*** RAW GUIs of a Feather :B_fullframe:
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|
|
:PROPERTIES:
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|
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
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|
:END:
|
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|
#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
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|
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|
|
Same Keybindings Across (Most) GUIs!
|
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|
#+BEAMER: \fullsubtext
|
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|
|
Browser, Editor, Window Manager, OS, \ldots
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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|
:PROPERTIES:
|
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|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
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|
:END:
|
|
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|
|
Another powerful benefit of this approach is---these
|
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|
|
/same exact keybindings work across most GUIs/!
|
|
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|
|
If we switch out Icecat here with nearly any other web browser,
|
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|
|
|
and switch out gedit with many other text editors or even word processors,
|
|
|
|
|
this will work all the same!
|
|
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|
|
There are some notable text editors for which these keybindings won't work,
|
|
|
|
|
for those of you screaming in your head.
|
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|
|
We'll get to that.
|
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|
|
If you use Windows instead of GNU/Linux---which
|
|
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|
|
I discourage, but if you do---then
|
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|
|
it'll work the same.
|
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|
|
This may not seem like a huge deal,
|
|
|
|
|
but it has liberating consequences---users
|
|
|
|
|
don't have to learn how to use specific programs to do the job.
|
|
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|
|
I can sit down at a completely different system and let that muscle memory
|
|
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|
|
take over and wind up with the same thing.
|
|
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|
|
It's liberating.
|
|
|
|
|
We have started to break free from those choreographed workflows.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Let's look at those keybindings a bit more concisely,
|
|
|
|
|
since that last slide was a mess,
|
|
|
|
|
to put it nicely.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Macro-Like Keyboard Instructions :B_fullframe:
|
|
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|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begingroup\fullslidetext
|
|
|
|
|
Macro-Like
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \endgroup\subskip
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl+T ``https://...'' <N times>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl+F ``free sofware''
|
|
|
|
|
[ Ctrl+L Ctrl+C Alt+Tab Ctrl+V RET Alt+Tab ]
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl+W
|
|
|
|
|
<N times>
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <2> /Requires visual inspection/ for conditional
|
|
|
|
|
- <2> Still manual and tedious---what if there were 1000 URLs?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If we type out the workflow keybindings like this,
|
|
|
|
|
in an isolated format,
|
|
|
|
|
it looks a bit more like instructions for the machine,
|
|
|
|
|
doesn't it?
|
|
|
|
|
Some of you may be familiar with macros---with
|
|
|
|
|
the ability to record keypresses and play them back later.
|
|
|
|
|
If we could do that,
|
|
|
|
|
then we could fully automate this task away!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unfortunately,
|
|
|
|
|
we can't.
|
|
|
|
|
At least,
|
|
|
|
|
not with the tools we're using right now.
|
|
|
|
|
Why is that?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Well,
|
|
|
|
|
for one,
|
|
|
|
|
it requires visual inspection to determine whether or not a match has
|
|
|
|
|
occurred.
|
|
|
|
|
That drives conditional logic---that
|
|
|
|
|
bracketed part there.
|
|
|
|
|
We also need to know how many times to repeat,
|
|
|
|
|
which requires that we either count or watch the progress.
|
|
|
|
|
We also need to be able to inspect the email for URLs and copy them into the
|
|
|
|
|
web browser.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This also scales poorly.
|
|
|
|
|
While using the keyboard is certainly faster than using the mouse,
|
|
|
|
|
we're only dealing with a small set of URLs here.
|
|
|
|
|
What if I gave you 100 of them?
|
|
|
|
|
1000?
|
|
|
|
|
More?
|
|
|
|
|
Suddenly this doesn't feel like a very efficient way to convey our intent to
|
|
|
|
|
the machine.
|
|
|
|
|
I don't wish that suffering upon anyone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
And to get around that,
|
|
|
|
|
we need to change how we think about our computing a bit.
|
|
|
|
|
And that's why I've dragged you through this drawn-out example---to
|
|
|
|
|
make sure you understand the significance of these progressive
|
|
|
|
|
enhancements to our workflow.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-10 22:38:26 -04:00
|
|
|
|
** DEVOID A New Perspective [0/16]
|
|
|
|
|
*** Perspective Topics [12/13] :noexport:
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] What if I could walk away and get a coffee, play with the kids,
|
|
|
|
|
come back and have it done for me?
|
|
|
|
|
- Emphasize how users familiar with the tools I haven't yet mentioned
|
|
|
|
|
may know how to do this, but people who don't know of Unix tools
|
|
|
|
|
will still be thinking in terms of the UI, trying to figure out how
|
|
|
|
|
to automate it.
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Right-click on page and inspect an element.
|
|
|
|
|
- Briefly mention DOM and how this represents the current state of
|
|
|
|
|
the page.
|
|
|
|
|
- Maybe show how it can be modified to illustrate the structure better.
|
|
|
|
|
- But I don't want to get too deep into this.
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Right-click on page and View Source.
|
|
|
|
|
- Explain how this is like the source code to the webpage (HTML).
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Copy text into editor, =C-f=.
|
|
|
|
|
- We can still find the text /using the same keybinding/.
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Save HTML file.
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Demonstrate opening it in a web browser vs. an editor.
|
|
|
|
|
- Same exact document, different ways of rendering it.
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Open a terminal [4/4]
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Type =wget URL=
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Show how it downloaded a file
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Open it in a text editor, show how the text is there. =C-f=.
|
|
|
|
|
- We eliminated the web browser
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] =grep word file.html=
|
|
|
|
|
- We have just eliminated =Ctrl+F= in the editor.
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] But it's too verbose, so show =grep -q && echo=.
|
|
|
|
|
- Talk about echo and exit status briefly, but don't go into exit codes.
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] The goal is to output a URL to a file
|
|
|
|
|
- Introduce redirection (overwrite and append)
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Now we have duplication: URL in two places
|
|
|
|
|
- Introduce variables
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Eliminate the temporary file entirely using a pipe
|
|
|
|
|
- [X] Introduce the Unix philosophy
|
|
|
|
|
- [ ] Now script discovering what pages contain a certain word [0/4]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ ] Mention previous example of being emailed a list of URLs. Rather
|
|
|
|
|
than pasting them into a file, let's discover them using the same
|
|
|
|
|
tool: =grep=. Save email to a file.
|
|
|
|
|
- [ ] =grep -o 'https\?://[^ ]\+'=, show how it gets a list of URLs.
|
|
|
|
|
- Mention how powerful regexes are, e.g. "find all the phone numbers on
|
|
|
|
|
a page".
|
|
|
|
|
- g/re/p
|
|
|
|
|
- [ ] Introduce =while= and =read=, showing how we can iteratively run
|
|
|
|
|
commands, maybe =... | while read url; do echo "URL: $url"; done=.
|
|
|
|
|
- [ ] Introduce =-q= flag for grep, and use it to conditionally output
|
|
|
|
|
only the URLs at which the word can be found.
|
|
|
|
|
- Not enough talk time to walk away and get a coffee, but let's see if
|
|
|
|
|
we can maybe let it run for 10--30s while I blabber on. Depends on
|
|
|
|
|
the connection speed at MIT with all the participants.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Secrets? :B_fullframe:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Slide intentionally left blank
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
So what if I told you that,
|
|
|
|
|
while the average user is cursing me out for sending them 1000 URLs,
|
|
|
|
|
I could go grab some coffee and play with my kids and come back however
|
|
|
|
|
much time later to a list that has been generated for me,
|
|
|
|
|
and it'd still be done before the user has even had a chance to open
|
|
|
|
|
all of the URLs,
|
|
|
|
|
letalone check them?
|
|
|
|
|
And what if I told you that it'd only take a minute or two to for me to
|
|
|
|
|
create this process?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is where the whole concept of ``wizardry'' comes in.
|
|
|
|
|
Some of you are sitting in the audience or watching this remotely rolling
|
|
|
|
|
your eyes thinking ``oh this guy thinks he's so sweet'',
|
|
|
|
|
because the answer is obvious to you.
|
|
|
|
|
But to those of you who are confined to the toolset that I just
|
|
|
|
|
demonstrated...it's
|
|
|
|
|
not going to be obvious.
|
|
|
|
|
You may still be thinking in terms of that toolset---thinking
|
|
|
|
|
of how we can continue to use those same tools.
|
|
|
|
|
You don't know what you don't know.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The problem is that there is a whole world and way of computing that is
|
|
|
|
|
hidden from most users.
|
|
|
|
|
And it's not hidden because it's a secret.
|
|
|
|
|
I'd hate to disappoint you,
|
|
|
|
|
but there's no magic or secrets in this talk.
|
|
|
|
|
It's because modern interfaces have come to completely mask it or provide
|
|
|
|
|
alternatives to it that happen to be ``good enough'' for the job.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
But ``good enough'' is only good enough until it's not.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Lifting the Curtain :B_frame:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \only<1>{
|
|
|
|
|
#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 2in
|
|
|
|
|
[[file:images/ff-inspect-menu.png]]
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: }
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \only<2>{
|
|
|
|
|
[[file:images/ff-inspect.png]]
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: }
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ATTR_LATEX does not appear to work with :trim or :clip
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \only<3>{\begin{center}
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth,trim={0px 0px 350px 375px},clip]{images/ff-inspect.png}
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{center}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Let's lift the curtain, so to speak, on what's really going on in the web
|
|
|
|
|
browser.
|
|
|
|
|
Don't worry,
|
|
|
|
|
we're only going to give it a little peek;
|
|
|
|
|
nothing too complicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Take the LP2019 speaker list page for instance.
|
|
|
|
|
If you right-click on my name and click on ``Inspect Element'',
|
|
|
|
|
you are presented with the developer tools for this browser which shows
|
|
|
|
|
what makes up the webpage.
|
|
|
|
|
You'll notice that it has a hierarchical structure made up of nodes
|
|
|
|
|
describing how certain data ought to be formatted.
|
|
|
|
|
For example,
|
|
|
|
|
my name is in an =h2= element,
|
|
|
|
|
which represents a heading.
|
|
|
|
|
Below that we see the talk title and then the talk abstract in a paragraph
|
|
|
|
|
element,
|
|
|
|
|
denoted by =p=.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If we look in that bottom =p= element,
|
|
|
|
|
you'll see the exact text that's displayed on the webpage.
|
|
|
|
|
And sure enough,
|
|
|
|
|
that text contains the term ``free software''.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Now,
|
|
|
|
|
technically,
|
|
|
|
|
this inspector represents something called the DOM,
|
|
|
|
|
which represents the current state of the page.
|
|
|
|
|
If it were dynamic,
|
|
|
|
|
you'd see this updating.
|
|
|
|
|
We could even change it in here and the page would update.
|
|
|
|
|
But you don't need to use a specialized tool to view the structure of the
|
|
|
|
|
initial webpage;
|
|
|
|
|
I just did that for visualization,
|
|
|
|
|
since it conveniently highlights the associated elements on the page
|
|
|
|
|
which is useful for demonstration purposes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Web Page Source Code :B_block:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: block
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Columns :B_columns:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: columns
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
***** Left :B_column:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: column
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_col: 0.30
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[file:images/ff-view-source-menu.png]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
***** Right :B_column:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: column
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_col: 0.70
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[file:images/ff-view-source.png]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If we instead select "View Page Source" from the context menu,
|
|
|
|
|
then we get a new tab that contains a much uglier version of what we just
|
|
|
|
|
saw in the DOM inspector.
|
|
|
|
|
This is the raw source code of the webpage.
|
|
|
|
|
Most of it, anyway.
|
|
|
|
|
It is a document language called HTML.
|
|
|
|
|
And as you may have noticed,
|
|
|
|
|
it's plain text.
|
|
|
|
|
Structured, but plain, text.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
And as you can see,
|
|
|
|
|
``free software'' is there all the same.
|
|
|
|
|
We don't need to view the webpage with all its fancy formatting.
|
|
|
|
|
For the problem we're trying to solve,
|
|
|
|
|
it provides little benefit.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Text :B_fullframe:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
|
|
|
|
|
Text.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As we're about to see,
|
|
|
|
|
this simple fact---that
|
|
|
|
|
that the webpage is represented by plain text---opens
|
|
|
|
|
up a whole new world to us.
|
|
|
|
|
We have stripped away all the complex visual GUI stuff and we're left with
|
|
|
|
|
the raw substance of the page which still contains the information that we
|
|
|
|
|
are looking for.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
But we're still within the web browser.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We don't have to be.
|
|
|
|
|
We can copy all of that text and paste it into our editor.
|
|
|
|
|
=Ctrl+A Ctrl+C Alt-Tab Ctrl+P=.
|
|
|
|
|
And sure enough,
|
|
|
|
|
search works all the same.
|
|
|
|
|
=Ctrl+F= and we can still find ``free software''.
|
|
|
|
|
Completely different program,
|
|
|
|
|
and we can still find the text using the same keybinding.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Text is a Universal Interface :B_fullframe:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
|
|
|
|
|
Text is a Universal Interface
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Text is a universal interface.
|
|
|
|
|
And what I mean by that is---you
|
|
|
|
|
don't need any special tools to work with it.
|
|
|
|
|
You can view it in your web browser.
|
|
|
|
|
You can view it in your text editor.
|
|
|
|
|
You can paste it in a text message.
|
|
|
|
|
You can put it in a book.
|
|
|
|
|
You can write it down on a paper and type it back into your computer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Text is how we communicate with one-another as human beings.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
But the simplicity of text has practical computational benefits, too.
|
|
|
|
|
Let me show you.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Let's save this HTML as a file,
|
|
|
|
|
=speakers.html=.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If we opened this file,
|
|
|
|
|
it would open in our web browser and we would see the same webpage,
|
|
|
|
|
although it would look a bit different since a lot of the styling is
|
|
|
|
|
stored outside of this HTML file,
|
|
|
|
|
and there won't be any images.
|
|
|
|
|
But this isn't a talk about web development so I'm not going to go deeper
|
|
|
|
|
than that.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
But if again we opened this HTML file in our text editor,
|
|
|
|
|
you would see that same plain text HTML as before;
|
|
|
|
|
one just chooses to render it differently than another.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Even though we can view the HTML in our text editor,
|
|
|
|
|
we haven't eliminated the web browser yet;
|
|
|
|
|
we still need it to navigate to the webpage and view its source.
|
|
|
|
|
But if that's all we're using the web browser for,
|
|
|
|
|
then it's one hell of an inefficient way of telling the computer that we
|
|
|
|
|
just want the HTML document at a certain URL.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Up until this point,
|
|
|
|
|
the keyboard has been used as a secondary interface---as
|
|
|
|
|
an /alternative/ to something.
|
|
|
|
|
Now we're going to venture into a world where it is /the/ interface.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW The Shell Command Prompt :B_frame:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
mikegerwitz@lp2019-laptop:~$
|
|
|
|
|
# ^ user ^ host ^ working directory (home)
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{uncoverenv}<2->
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \subskip
|
|
|
|
|
This presentation will show:
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \medskip
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
$ command
|
|
|
|
|
output line 1
|
|
|
|
|
output line 2
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
output line N
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{uncoverenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you open a terminal,
|
|
|
|
|
also called a VTE, or virtual terminal emulator,
|
|
|
|
|
you will be greeted with a curious string of characters.
|
|
|
|
|
This is a /command prompt/.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The program that is prompting you for a command is called the /shell/.
|
|
|
|
|
The GNU shell is =bash=,
|
|
|
|
|
which is the default on most GNU/Linux systems.
|
|
|
|
|
It's also the default on Mac OSX,
|
|
|
|
|
if you happen to be using that.
|
|
|
|
|
And Windows now has something they call
|
|
|
|
|
``Bash on Ubuntu on Windows'',
|
|
|
|
|
which is GNU/Linux running atop of the Windows kernel.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bash isn't required to run any of the commands I'm presenting as part of
|
|
|
|
|
this talk,
|
|
|
|
|
but I will be mentioning some features specific to bash,
|
|
|
|
|
which I'll note when I do in case you happen to be using a different
|
|
|
|
|
shell.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Eliminating the Web Browser :B_frame:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{uncoverenv}<2>
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
--2019-03-24 00:00:00-- https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/
|
|
|
|
|
Resolving libreplanet.org (libreplanet.org)... 209.51.188.248
|
|
|
|
|
Connecting to libreplanet.org (libreplanet.org)|209.51.188.248|:443... connected.
|
|
|
|
|
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
|
|
|
|
|
Length: unspecified [text/html]
|
|
|
|
|
Saving to: ‘index.html’
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
2019-03-24 00:00:00 (1.78 MB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [67789]
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{uncoverenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{uncoverenv}<3>
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget -O speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{uncoverenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The goal is to retrieve the HTML file at a given URL.
|
|
|
|
|
GNU/Linux distributions usually come with GNU =wget=,
|
|
|
|
|
which does precisely that.
|
|
|
|
|
To invoke it,
|
|
|
|
|
we type the name of the command,
|
|
|
|
|
followed by a space,
|
|
|
|
|
followed by the URL we wish to retrieve,
|
|
|
|
|
and then hit enter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
What follows is quite a bit of text.
|
|
|
|
|
The details aren't particularly important as long as it's successful,
|
|
|
|
|
but notice that it says it saved to =index.html=.
|
|
|
|
|
That's not intuitive to those who don't understand that name was used.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
So let's tell =wget= what file we want to output to.
|
|
|
|
|
We do this with the =O= option,
|
|
|
|
|
like so.
|
|
|
|
|
It takes a single argument,
|
|
|
|
|
which is the name of the output file.
|
|
|
|
|
The backslash here allows us to continue the command onto the next line;
|
|
|
|
|
otherwise, a newline tells the shell to execute the command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
So remember previously that we manually created =speakers.html= by viewing
|
|
|
|
|
the source of the webpage in Icecat.
|
|
|
|
|
If we open this file,
|
|
|
|
|
we'll find that it contains /exactly the same text/,
|
|
|
|
|
and we never had to open a web browser.
|
|
|
|
|
And we can search it all the same as before.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Browser vs. =wget= Comparison :B_frame:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
Ctrl+L ``https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/''
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \subskip
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is a very different means of interacting with the computer,
|
|
|
|
|
but if we compare this with the keyboard shortcut used previously,
|
|
|
|
|
they are very similar.
|
|
|
|
|
Not so scary,
|
|
|
|
|
right?
|
|
|
|
|
It's hard to imagine a more direct line of communication with the computer
|
|
|
|
|
for downloading a webpage,
|
|
|
|
|
short of reading your mind.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If we then try to output to a specific file,
|
|
|
|
|
then it's even /easier/ on the command line.
|
|
|
|
|
It's true that you can save the HTML using Icecat by hitting =Ctrl+S=,
|
|
|
|
|
but that saves a lot more than just the HTML page---it
|
|
|
|
|
also saves all the images and stylesheets and other resources,
|
|
|
|
|
which is much more than we need.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Finding Text on the Command Line :B_frame:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ grep 'free software' speakers.html
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{uncoverenv}<2->
|
|
|
|
|
\vdots
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Mike Gerwitz is a free software hacker and activist with a focus on
|
|
|
|
|
exclusively free software. Mike spends most of his free time with his
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
\vdots
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{uncoverenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not having to open a web browser is nice,
|
|
|
|
|
but having to run =wget= and then open the downloaded HTML file is a bit
|
|
|
|
|
of a pain;
|
|
|
|
|
is there a command that can help us there too?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We want to know whether a page contains the term ``free software''.
|
|
|
|
|
For that we use a tool called =grep=.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The first argument to =grep= is the search string,
|
|
|
|
|
and the remaining arguments---just one here---tell it where it should
|
|
|
|
|
search.
|
|
|
|
|
The first argument to =grep= is quoted because it contains a space,
|
|
|
|
|
otherwise the shell would think our search phrase was only `free' and that
|
|
|
|
|
the files we wanted to search were `software' and `speakers.html'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You'll get a bunch of output;
|
|
|
|
|
I just included a small snippet here.
|
|
|
|
|
But notice how it happens to include exactly the text we were looking at in
|
|
|
|
|
the web browser.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
And with that we have replicated =Ctrl+F=.
|
|
|
|
|
But did we do a good job conveying our thoughts to the machine?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We just wanted to know whether the page con
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
And with that we have replicated =Ctrl+F=.
|
|
|
|
|
But did we do a good job conveying our thoughts to the machine?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We just wanted to know whether the page /contains/ the phrase;
|
|
|
|
|
we don't care to see it!
|
|
|
|
|
So while we have efficiently conveyed a search string,
|
|
|
|
|
we didn't receive an efficient reply;
|
|
|
|
|
it's information overload.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW A More Gentle Reply :B_frame:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ grep --quiet 'free software' speakers.html && echo yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
yes
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \subskip
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{onlyenv}<2>
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo 'Hello, world!'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hello, world!
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{onlyenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{onlyenv}<3>
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ grep --quiet 'open source' speakers.html || echo no
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{onlyenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First we tell =grep= to modify its behavior with the =q= flag,
|
|
|
|
|
which stands for ``quiet''.
|
|
|
|
|
Rather than outputting results,
|
|
|
|
|
=grep= will exist silently;
|
|
|
|
|
it will instead return a status to the shell that says whether or not
|
|
|
|
|
the search failed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
POSIX-like shells,
|
|
|
|
|
like Bash,
|
|
|
|
|
offer the ability to say ``run this command if the previous succeeds'',
|
|
|
|
|
and this is done by putting two ampersands between the commands.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The command to run if =grep= succeeds in finding a match is =echo=.
|
|
|
|
|
All echo does is takes its arguments and spits them right back out again as
|
|
|
|
|
output.
|
|
|
|
|
So this essentially states:
|
|
|
|
|
``search for `free software' in =speakers.html= and output `yes' if it is
|
|
|
|
|
found''.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since =echo= is its own command,
|
|
|
|
|
it also works by itself.
|
|
|
|
|
Here's the classic ``hello, world'' program in shell.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
But if you recall our research task,
|
|
|
|
|
it was to search for pages that do /not/ contain the term ``free
|
|
|
|
|
software''.
|
|
|
|
|
We can do that too,
|
|
|
|
|
by using two pipes in place of two ampersands,
|
|
|
|
|
which states:
|
|
|
|
|
``search for `free software' in =speakers.html= and output `no' if it
|
|
|
|
|
is /not/ found''.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Writing to Files (Redirection) :B_frame:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Commands write to standard out (stdout) by default
|
|
|
|
|
- /Output redirection/ writes somewhere else
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \subskip
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
# overwrites each time
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo 'Hello, world!' > hello.txt
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo 'Hello again, world!' > hello.txt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# appends (echo adds a newline)
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo 'First line' >> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo 'Second line' >> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# truncates file (empties)
|
|
|
|
|
> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alright, we're well on our way now!
|
|
|
|
|
But we still haven't gotten rid of that damn text editor,
|
|
|
|
|
because we need to save a list of URLs to a file to hold our final
|
|
|
|
|
results!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Well as it so happens,
|
|
|
|
|
writing to a file is such a common operation that it's built right into
|
|
|
|
|
the shell.
|
|
|
|
|
We use a feature called /redirection/.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are two types of output redirection.
|
|
|
|
|
If you place a single greater-than symbol followed by a filename after a
|
|
|
|
|
command,
|
|
|
|
|
then the output of that command will replace anything already in the
|
|
|
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
|
So the result of the first two command will be a =hello.txt= that contains
|
|
|
|
|
only a single line:
|
|
|
|
|
``Hello again, world!''.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The second type,
|
|
|
|
|
which uses /two/ greater-than symbols,
|
|
|
|
|
appends to the file.
|
|
|
|
|
=echo= by default adds a newline,
|
|
|
|
|
so the result of the second two commands is a =results.txt= containing two
|
|
|
|
|
lines,
|
|
|
|
|
``First line'' and ``Second line'' respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
If the file doesn't yet exist,
|
|
|
|
|
an empty one will be created before writing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I think maybe you can see where I'm going with this.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Starting Our List :B_fullframe:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget --quiet -O speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/ \
|
|
|
|
|
&& grep --quiet 'free software' speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
|| echo https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/ \
|
|
|
|
|
>> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Take a look at that for a moment.
|
|
|
|
|
/<pause ~5s>/
|
|
|
|
|
Can anyone tell me what the result of this command line will be?
|
|
|
|
|
/<pause ~5s>/
|
|
|
|
|
/<react appropriately>/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As exciting as it is to start to bring these things together,
|
|
|
|
|
the result is pretty anti-climatic---we
|
|
|
|
|
know that =speakers.html= /does/ contain the string ``free software'',
|
|
|
|
|
and so the result is that =results.txt= contains /nothing/!
|
|
|
|
|
In fact,
|
|
|
|
|
if =results.txt= didn't exist yet,
|
|
|
|
|
it still wouldn't even exist.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/<for the sake of demonstration, maybe modify it to output>/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At this point,
|
|
|
|
|
we have successfully eliminated both the web browser and text editor.
|
|
|
|
|
But this is a hefty command to have to modify each time we want to try a
|
|
|
|
|
different URL.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Command Refactoring :B_fullframe:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{onlyenv}<5>
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget --quiet -O speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/ \
|
|
|
|
|
&& grep --quiet 'free software' speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
|| echo https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/ \
|
|
|
|
|
>> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{onlyenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{onlyenv}<1>
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ URL=https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget --quiet -O speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
"$URL" \
|
|
|
|
|
&& grep --quiet 'free software' speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
|| echo "$URL" \
|
|
|
|
|
>> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{onlyenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{onlyenv}<2>
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ URL=https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget -qO speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
"$URL" \
|
|
|
|
|
&& grep -q 'free software' speakers.html \
|
|
|
|
|
|| echo "$URL" \
|
|
|
|
|
>> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{onlyenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{onlyenv}<3>
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ URL=https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget -qO - \
|
|
|
|
|
"$URL" \
|
|
|
|
|
| grep -q 'free software' \
|
|
|
|
|
|| echo "$URL" \
|
|
|
|
|
>> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{onlyenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \begin{onlyenv}<4->
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
|
|
|
|
$ URL=https://libreplanet.org/2019/speakers/
|
|
|
|
|
$ wget -qO - "$URL" \
|
|
|
|
|
| grep -q 'free software' || echo "$URL" >> results.txt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#+END_SRC
|
|
|
|
|
#+BEAMER: \end{onlyenv}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We can simplify it by introducing a /variable/.
|
|
|
|
|
First we assign the URL to a variable named URL.
|
|
|
|
|
There must be no spaces on either size of the assignment operator,
|
|
|
|
|
which is the equal sign.
|
|
|
|
|
We then reference its value by prefixing it with a dollar sign everywhere
|
|
|
|
|
the URL previously appeared.
|
|
|
|
|
You should always put variable references in double quotes for safety---that
|
|
|
|
|
ensures that,
|
|
|
|
|
if our variable contains a space or other special character,
|
|
|
|
|
it isn't interpreted by the shell differently than we intended.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We can also make this command line a bit more concise by using the short
|
|
|
|
|
name for the =--quiet= flag,
|
|
|
|
|
which is =-q=.
|
|
|
|
|
Notice how in =wget= I combined them into =-qO= instead of using two
|
|
|
|
|
separate dashes with spaces between them.
|
|
|
|
|
This is optional;
|
|
|
|
|
if you feel it's easier to read the other way,
|
|
|
|
|
that's fine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Something else feels dirty.
|
|
|
|
|
We're creating this =speakers.html= file just to pass to =grep=.
|
|
|
|
|
It's not needed after the fact.
|
|
|
|
|
In fact,
|
|
|
|
|
it's just polluting our filesystem.
|
|
|
|
|
What if we didn't have to create it at all to begin with?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I'm first going to introduce the notation,
|
|
|
|
|
and then I'll go into more into why it works.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If we replace the output file =speakers.html= with a single dash,
|
|
|
|
|
that tells =wget= to write to standard out.
|
|
|
|
|
This is normally the default behavior of command line programs,
|
|
|
|
|
like =grep= and =echo=,
|
|
|
|
|
but =wget= is a bit different.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We then omit the =speakers.html= from =grep= entirely.
|
|
|
|
|
=grep= will read from standard in by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We then connect standard out of =wget= to the standard in of =grep= using a
|
|
|
|
|
single pipe;
|
|
|
|
|
this is called a /pipeline/.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Now that we've freed up some space,
|
|
|
|
|
let's reformat this slightly to be a bit more readable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
And now here's the original command we started with,
|
|
|
|
|
and where we're at now.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This little bit of abstraction has made our intent even more clear.
|
|
|
|
|
It can now clearly be read that we're defining a URL,
|
|
|
|
|
retrieving that URL,
|
|
|
|
|
searching for a term,
|
|
|
|
|
and then appending it to a file on a non-match.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
But before we keep going,
|
|
|
|
|
I want to go back to a point I mentioned previously.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Again: Text is a Universal Interface :B_againframe:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: againframe
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_ref: *Text is a Universal Interface
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_act:
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**** Notes :B_noteNH:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: noteNH
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Text is a universal interface.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notice how we started out our journey manually inspecting text,
|
|
|
|
|
and began replacing the human part of the workflow at each step with a
|
|
|
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
|
That's because text is something that both humans and computers can work
|
|
|
|
|
with easily.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is a fundamental design principle in the Unix tools that I have begun
|
|
|
|
|
to present to you.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*** RAW Pipelines :B_fullframe:
|
|
|
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
|
|
|
:BEAMER_env: fullframe
|
|
|
|
|
:END:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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#+BEAMER: \fullslidetext
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/``Expect the output of every program to become the input to another''/
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#+BEAMER: \fullsubtext\hfill
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---Doug McIlroy (1978)
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**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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The invention of the Unix pipe is credited to Doug McIlroy.
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As part of the Unix philosophy,
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he stated:
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``expect the output of every program to become the input to another''.
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More broadly,
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the Unix philosophy can be summarized as:
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*** RAW Summary of the Unix Philosophy :B_fullframe:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: fullframe
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:END:
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#+BEAMER: \begingroup\fullslidetext
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The Unix Philosophy
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#+BEAMER: \endgroup\subskip
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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This is the Unix philosophy: Write programs that do one thing and do it
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well. Write programs to work together. Write programs to handle text
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streams, because that is a universal interface.
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#+BEAMER: \smallsubskip\hfill---Doug McIlroy
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#+END_QUOTE
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**** Notes :B_noteNH:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: noteNH
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:END:
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Up to this point,
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we have shifted how we communicate with the machine by moving away from a
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visual interface driven primarily by movement,
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to a textual interface that puts mind and machine on equal footing.
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But here we're talking about another profound shift in how we think.
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We start to think of how to decompose problems into small operations that
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exist as part of a larger pipeline.
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How to chain them together,
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transforming the data at each step to make it more suitable for the next.
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2019-03-04 23:39:04 -05:00
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** Thank You :B_fullframe:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: fullframe
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:DURATION: 00:00:01
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:END:
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#+BEGIN_COMMENT
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Thank you.
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#+END_COMMENT
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#+BEGIN_CENTER
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Mike Gerwitz
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[[mailto:mtg@gnu.org][=mtg@gnu.org=]]
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\bigskip
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Slides and Source Code Available Online
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<[[https://mikegerwitz.com/talks/cs4m]]>
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\bigskip
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\vfill
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Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0
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International License
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#+END_CENTER
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* Exporting :noexport:
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|
For a non-interactive build, including all dependencies, simply run =make=.
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Once all dependencies are built, you should be able to simply export this
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buffer as a Beamer presentation (=C-c C-e l P=) to get an updated PDF (or
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you can just run =make= again).
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* Copyright and Licenses :noexport:
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|
This file Copyright (C) 2019 Mike Gerwitz.
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|
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0
|
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|
|
International License. See [[file:COPYING.CCBYSA]] for the full license text.
|
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|
|
Additionally, all code fragments are dual-licensed as such:
|
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|
|
All code fragments are free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
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|
|
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
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|
|
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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|
|
(at your option) any later version.
|
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|
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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|
|
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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|
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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|
|
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
|
|
|
|
along with this program (see [[file::COPYING]]). If not, see
|
|
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|
|
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
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|
|
* Local Variables :noexport:
|
|
|
|
|
# Local Variables:
|
|
|
|
|
# org-todo-keyword-faces: (("DRAFT" . org-upcoming-deadline) \
|
|
|
|
|
# ("DEVOID" . (:inherit org-warning \
|
|
|
|
|
# :inverse-video t)) \
|
|
|
|
|
# ("LACKING" . org-warning) \
|
|
|
|
|
# ("REVIEWED" . "yellow") \
|
|
|
|
|
# ("AUGMENT" . (:foreground "yellow" :bold t :underline t)) \
|
|
|
|
|
# ("READY" . (:inherit org-scheduled :bold t :underline t)))
|
|
|
|
|
# eval: (add-to-list 'org-structure-template-alist
|
|
|
|
|
# '("C" "#+BEGIN_COMMENT\n?\n#+END_COMMENT"))
|
|
|
|
|
# End:
|