The concept of stacked traits already existed in previous commits, but until
now, mixins could not be stacked without some ugly errors. This also allows
mixins to be stacked atop of themselves, duplicating their effect. This
would naturally have limited use, but it's there.
This differs slightly from Scala. For example, consider this ease.js mixin:
C.use( T ).use( T )()
This is perfectly valid---it has the effect of stacking T twice. In reality,
ease.js is doing this:
- C' = C.use( T );
- new C'.use( T );
That is, it each call to `use' creates another class with T mixed in.
Scala, on the other hand, complains in this situation:
new C with T with T
will produce an error stating that "trait T is inherited twice". You can
work around this, however, by doing this:
class Ca extends T
new Ca with T
In fact, this is precisely what ease.js is doing, as mentioned above; the
"use.use" syntax is merely shorthand for this:
new C.use( T ).extend( {} ).use( T )
Just keep that in mind.
More information on this implementation and the rationale behind it will
appear in the manual. See future commits.
(Note the TODOs; return values aren't quite right here, but that will be
handled in the next commit.)
This is a consequence of ease.js' careful trait implementation that ensures
that any mixed in trait retains its API in the same manner that interfaces
and supertypes do.
There does not seem to be tests for any of the metadata at present; they are
implicitly tested through various implementations that make use of them.
This will also be the case here ("will"---in coming commits), but needs to
change.
The upcoming reflection implementation would be an excellent time to do so.
This will allow for additional processing before actually triggering the
warnings. For the sake of this commit, though, we just keep with existing
functionality.
This adds the `weak' keyword and permits abstract method definitions to
appear in the same definition object as the concrete implementation. This
should never be used with hand-written code---it is intended for code
generators (e.g. traits) that do not know if a concrete implementation will
be provided, and would waste cycles duplicating the property parsing that
ease.js will already be doing. It also allows for more concise code
generator code.
Note that, even though it's permitted, the validator still needs to be
modified to permit useful cases. In particular, I need weak abstract and
strong concrete methods for use in traits.
This just saves some time and memory in the event that the trait is never
actually used, which may be the case in libraries or dynamically loaded
modules.
As described in <https://savannah.gnu.org/task/index.php#comment3>.
The benefit of this approach over definition object merging is primarily
simplicitly---we're re-using much of the existing system. We may provide
more tight integration eventually for performance reasons (this is a
proof-of-concept), but this is an interesting start.
This also allows us to study and reason about traits by building off of
existing knowledge of composition; the documentation will make mention of
this to explain design considerations and issues of tight coupling
introduced by mixing in of traits.
Note the incomplete tests. These are very important, but the current state
at least demonstrates conceptually how this will work (and is even useful in
its current state, albeit dangerous and far from ready for production).
This is a rough concept showing how traits will be used at definition time
by classes (note that this does not yet address how they will be ``mixed
in'' at the time of instantiation).
More generally, this was a problem with not recursing on *all* of the
visibility objects of the supertype's supertype; the public visibility
object was implicitly recursed upon through JavaScript's natural prototype
chain, so this only manifested itself with protected members.
On Sun, Dec 22, 2013 at 03:31:08AM -0500, Richard Stallman wrote:
> I hereby dub ease.js a GNU package, and you its maintainer.
>
> Please don't forget to mention prominently in the README file and
> other suitable documentation places that it is a GNU program.
Thanks again to Brandon Inverson for providing this patch. All changes are his
except for the comment in configure.ac and the version.js.tpl move/changes.
Copyright-paperwork-exempt: Yes
This project was originally LGPLv+-licensed to encourage its use in a community
that is largely copyleft-phobic. After further reflection, that was a mistake,
as adoption is not the important factor here---software freedom is.
When submitting ease.js to the GNU project, it was asked if I would be willing
to relicense it under the GPLv3+; I agreed happily, because there is no reason
why we should provide proprietary software any sort of edge. Indeed, proprietary
JavaScript is a huge problem since it is automatically downloaded on the user's
PC generally without them even knowing, and is a current focus for the FSF. As
such, to remain firm in our stance against proprietary JavaScript, relicensing
made the most sense for GNU.
This is likely to upset current users of ease.js. I am not sure of their
number---I have only seen download counts periodically on npmjs.org---but I know
there are at least a small number. These users are free to continue using the
previous LGPL'd releases, but with the understanding that there will be no
further maintenance (not even bug fixes). If possible, users should use the
GPL-licensed versions and release their software as free software.
Here comes GNU ease.js.
Mike Gerwitz