diff --git a/src/current/c1map/c1nodes.xsl b/src/current/c1map/c1nodes.xsl
index a712bca1..23dfafcc 100644
--- a/src/current/c1map/c1nodes.xsl
+++ b/src/current/c1map/c1nodes.xsl
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
   <lvmp:node name="{name()}" />
   <xsl:text> => </xsl:text>
 
-  <lvmp:node-boundary>
+  <lvmp:node-boundary escape-param="{@lvm:escape-param}">
     <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="lvmp:c1-node-result" />
   </lvmp:node-boundary>
 </xsl:template>
@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@
 <xsl:template match="c1:*" mode="lvmp:c1-node-result" priority="1">
   <xsl:text>array( </xsl:text>
     <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|*" />
+    <xsl:if test="text() and not( element() )">
+        <xsl:text>'text()' => </xsl:text>
+        <xsl:apply-templates select="text()" mode="lvm:valparse" />
+        <xsl:text></xsl:text>
+    </xsl:if>
   <xsl:text>) </xsl:text>
 </xsl:template>
 
@@ -72,7 +77,7 @@
 <xsl:template match="c1:*[text()]" priority="4">
   <!-- defer node rendering; allows us to easily determine if there are
        siblings of the same name within a node boundary -->
-  <lvmp:node name="{name()}" />
+  <lvmp:node name="{name()}" escape-param="{@lvm:escape-param}"/>
   <xsl:text> => </xsl:text>
 
   <xsl:text></xsl:text>
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@
 </xsl:template>
 
 
+
 <xsl:template match="c1:*/@lvm:*" priority="6">
   <!-- discard all system attributes -->
   <!-- TODO: error once everything is properly implemented -->
diff --git a/src/current/c1map/render.xsl b/src/current/c1map/render.xsl
index 2e8046c1..7675621d 100644
--- a/src/current/c1map/render.xsl
+++ b/src/current/c1map/render.xsl
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 -->
 <xsl:stylesheet version="2.0"
   xmlns:c1="http://www.epic-premier.com/XMLSchema"
+  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
   xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
   xmlns:lvm="http://www.lovullo.com/rater/map/c1"
   xmlns:lvmp="http://www.lovullo.com/rater/map/c1/pp">
@@ -29,6 +30,16 @@
 
 <xsl:import href="transform.xsl" />
 
+<xsl:function name="lvm:is-escaped-param" as="xs:boolean">
+    <xsl:param name="value" as="element( lvmp:value )"/>
+
+    <xsl:variable name="escape-param" as="xs:string?"
+                  select="$value/ancestor-or-self::lvmp:node-boundary[1]/@escape-param[ 1 ]" />
+    <xsl:variable name="parent-value" as="element( lvmp:value )?"
+                  select="$value/parent::lvmp:value[ 1 ]"/>
+
+    <xsl:sequence select="$escape-param and boolean($escape-param) and not( $parent-value )" />
+</xsl:function>
 
 <xsl:template match="lvmp:root" mode="lvmp:render" priority="5">
   <xsl:text>&lt;?php </xsl:text>
@@ -133,6 +144,10 @@
   <xsl:param name="value" select="$var/@value" />
   <xsl:param name="default" select="$var/lvmp:default" />
 
+  <xsl:variable name="needs-escape" as="xs:boolean" select="lvm:is-escaped-param( . )"/>
+  <xsl:if test="$needs-escape">
+      <xsl:text>$contract-&gt;escapeValue(</xsl:text>
+  </xsl:if>
   <xsl:text>$contract-&gt;getValueByContext( </xsl:text>
     <!-- recursive process contexts -->
     <xsl:apply-templates select="lvmp:value" mode="lvmp:render">
@@ -145,6 +160,9 @@
   <xsl:text>' </xsl:text>
 
   <xsl:text> )</xsl:text>
+  <xsl:if test="$needs-escape">
+      <xsl:text> )</xsl:text>
+  </xsl:if>
 </xsl:template>
 
 
@@ -177,11 +195,23 @@
     </xsl:choose>
   </xsl:param>
 
-  <xsl:text>$contract-&gt;getValue( '</xsl:text>
-    <xsl:value-of select="$from" />
-  <xsl:text>', $contract->getValueIndex( '</xsl:text>
-    <xsl:value-of select="$index-name" />
-  <xsl:text>' )</xsl:text>
+  <xsl:variable name="needs-escape" as="xs:boolean" select="lvm:is-escaped-param( . )"/>
+  <xsl:choose>
+    <xsl:when test="$needs-escape">
+      <xsl:text>$contract-&gt;escapeValue( $contract-&gt;getValue( '</xsl:text>
+      <xsl:value-of select="$from" />
+      <xsl:text>', $contract->getValueIndex( '</xsl:text>
+      <xsl:value-of select="$index-name" />
+      <xsl:text>' ) )</xsl:text>
+    </xsl:when>
+    <xsl:otherwise>
+      <xsl:text>$contract-&gt;getValue( '</xsl:text>
+      <xsl:value-of select="$from" />
+      <xsl:text>', $contract->getValueIndex( '</xsl:text>
+      <xsl:value-of select="$index-name" />
+      <xsl:text>' )</xsl:text>
+    </xsl:otherwise>
+  </xsl:choose>
 
   <xsl:if test="$default">
     <xsl:text>, </xsl:text>
@@ -241,6 +271,10 @@
   <!-- no longer needed -->
 </xsl:template>
 
+<xsl:template match="lvmp:var-escape" mode="lvmp:render" priority="5">
+  <!-- no longer needed -->
+</xsl:template>
+
 <xsl:template match="lvmp:var/lvmp:default" mode="lvmp:render" priority="5">
   <!-- render contents -->
   <xsl:apply-templates mode="lvmp:render" />