151 lines
5.4 KiB
TeX
151 lines
5.4 KiB
TeX
% Developer Terminology
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%
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% Intended to be included within its own section.
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\begindeptgroup{it}
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Definitions within this subsection are used most frequently by the software
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developers addressed by this specification.
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\begin{description}
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\dt{apply}
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Providing a list of arguments to a function---which are in turn bound to its
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respective parameters in an implementation-specific manner---and replacing the
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application with the value returned from the function after its execution. The
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result of applying a procedure is implementation-defined (since procedures
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return no value).
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\dt{argument}
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The value bound to a parameter during a function application.
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\dt{array}
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A string of values of a single data type $T$; said to be an ``array of type
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$T$'' or simply an ``array of $T$''. An array of arrays is said to be
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multidimensional.
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\dt{associative array}
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An array indexed using hashed character strings as keys; said to be
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``key/value'', where the value is ``associated'' with its respective key.
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\dt{bit}
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A value of $0$ or $1$.
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\dt{boolean}
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A datatype whose storage is capable of representing a value of $1$ or $0$.
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\dt{bug}
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An implementation of a specific requirement is non-conforming.
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\dt{byte}
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A bit string of machine-dependent length that \shall be at least $8$ bits.
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\dt{call}
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Provides an argument list to a procedure---which are in turn bound to its
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respective parameters in an implementation-specific manner---and executes the
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procedure. If a function is called, the use of its return value is
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implementation-defined; some implementations use the terms ``call'' and
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``apply'' interchangeably.
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\dt{character}
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The numeric constant representing a symbol of a character set; there exist
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both single-byte character sets (such as ASCII) and multi-byte (such as
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Unicode); this term \shallnot be synonymous with ``byte'' in this
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specification.
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\dt{data}
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The plural form of ``datum''.
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\dt{data type}
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Synonymous with freestanding ``type''; the type of a datum or data; dictates
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how the data are interpreted. For example, the hexadecimal value \hex{41} may
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represent the ASCII letter `A' when interpreted as a character type, but may
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represent the decimal value $65$ when interpreted as an integer.
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\dt{datatype}
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A definition for an interpretation of a datum or data. Examples of datatype
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include integers, characters, floats, and vectors.
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\dt{datum}
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The singular form of ``data''; an arbitrary unit of information whose
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interpretation is determined by its type.
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\dt{dimensions (data)}
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The depth of the data; can be defined inductively as follows: Let the basis be
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a scalar value having depth $d=0$. Let the depth of an array $A$ be the depth
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of its data type $d'+1$.\footnote{As an example, an ``array of an array of
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integers`` would have a depth of $2$ as follows: an integer is a scalar and so
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its depth is $0$; adding $1$, we get the depth of an ``array of integers'',
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which is $1$; finally, we add $1$ to get the depth of an ``array of an array
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of integers''.}
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\dt{float}
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A datatype using binary ^[floating-point].
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\dt{floating-point}
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A binary approximation of a real number up to a fixed number of digits,
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generally represented by a sign bit; a significand (also called the
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``coefficient'' and less often the ``mantissa''); and a scaling base and
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exponent. See IEEE 754. For the purposes of this specification, it \shall be
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understood that the result of an arithmetic operation in which one of the
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operands is a ^floating-point number may not be able to be represented exactly
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in its binary representation, which may result in precision errors. These
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errors may cause problems with rounding operations.
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\dt{function}
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A re-usable block of code that accepts input via parameters (if any) and
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returns some value.
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\dt{host environment}
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The runtime environment.
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\dt{integer}
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A datatype; for the purposes of this specification, any signed whole number
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$\{\ldots, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, \ldots\}$ that may fit into a single machine word
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(usually the size of a general-purpose register on the host architecture). On
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32-bit two's-compliment machines, this value ranges from
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$2,147,483,648--2,147,483,647$. An implementation \shall support at least
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4-byte (at least 32-bit) integers and \shall not expect that any greater size
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is available for calculations, but may make use of additional integer sizes
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for other uses so long as such does not impact the final result of any
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calculations.
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\dt{memory}
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Physical or virtual; used to store and retrieve data outside of CPU registers.
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\dt{parameter}
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A value accepted by a function.
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\dt{procedure}
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Similar to a function, but does not return any value; implies side-effects.
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\dt{regression}
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An implementation of a requirement, having previously conformed, is no longer
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conforming; a ^bug.
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\dt{runtime}
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Occurs during the execution of the program.
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\dt{scalar}
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A datum that is not an array.
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\dt{side-effect}
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Non-local data that is altered as a consequence of applying a function or
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calling a procedure.
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\dt{string}
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A finite sequence of symbols---often bytes. When used on its own,
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traditionally implies a ``character string''---that is, a string of character
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values.
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\dt{type}
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Within the context of data, see ``data type''.
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\dt{$\bot$}
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Boolean value of 0; ``false''.
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\dt{$\top$}
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Boolean value of 1; ``true'';
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\end{description}
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\enddeptgroup
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