diff --git a/dfn/dev.tex b/dfn/dev.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be08f86 --- /dev/null +++ b/dfn/dev.tex @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +% Developer Terminology +% +% Intended to be included within its own section. + +Definitions within this subsection are used most frequently by the Software +developers addressed by this specification. + +\begin{description} + \dt{apply} + Providing a list of arguments to a function---which are in turn bound to its + respective parameters in an implementation-specific manner---and replacing the + application with the value returned from the function after its execution. The + result of applying a procedure is implementation-defined (since procedures + return no value). + + \dt{argument} + The value bound to a parameter during a function application. + + \dt{array} + A string of values of a single data type $T$; said to be an ``array of type + $T$'' or simply an ``array of $T$''. An array of arrays is said to be + multidimensional. + + \dt{bit} + A value of $0$ or $1$. + + \dt{boolean} + A datatype whose storage is capable of representing a value of $1$ or $0$. + + \dt{byte} + A bit string of machine-dependent length that \shall be at least $8$ bits. + + \dt{call} + Provides an argument list to a procedure---which are in turn bound to its + respective parameters in an implementation-specific manner---and executes the + procedure. If a function is called, the use of its return value is + implementation-defined; some implementations use the terms ``call'' and + ``apply'' interchangeably. + + \dt{character} + The numeric constant representing a symbol of a character set; there exist + both single-byte character sets (such as ASCII) and multi-byte (such as + Unicode); this term \shallnot be synonymous with ``byte'' in this + specification. + + \dt{data} + The plural form of ``datum''. + + \dt{data type} + Synonymous with freestanding ``type''; the type of a datum or data; dictates + how the data are interpreted. For example, the hexadecimal value \hex{41} may + represent the ASCII letter `A' when interpreted as a character type, but may + represent the decimal value $65$ when interpreted as an integer. + + \dt{datatype} + A definition for an interpretation of a datum or data. Examples of datatype + include integers, characters, floats, and vectors. + + \dt{datum} + The singular form of ``data''; an arbitrary unit of information whose + interpretation is determined by its type. + + \dt{dimensions (data)} + The depth of the data; can be defined inductively as follows: Let the basis be + a scalar value having depth $d=0$. Let the depth of an array $A$ be the depth + of its data type $d'+1$.\footnote{As an example, an ``array of an array of + integers`` would have a depth of $2$ as follows: an integer is a scalar and so + its depth is $0$; adding $1$, we get the depth of an ``array of integers'', + which is $1$; finally, we add $1$ to get the depth of an ``array of an array + of integers''.} + + \dt{float} + A datatype using binary floating point. + + \dt{floating point} + A binary approximation of a real number up to a fixed number of digits, + generally represented by a sign bit; a significand (also called the + ``coefficient'' and less often the ``mantissa''); and a scaling base and + exponent. See IEEE 754. For the purposes of this specification, it \shall be + understood that the result of an arithmetic operation in which one of the + operands is a floating point number may not be able to be represented exactly + in its binary representation, which may result in precision errors. These + errors may cause problems with rounding operations. + + \dt{function} + A re-usable block of code that accepts input via parameters (if any) and + returns some value. + + \dt{host environment} + The runtime environment. + + \dt{integer} + A datatype; for the purposes of this specification, any signed whole number + $\{\ldots, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, \ldots\}$ that may fit into a single machine word + (usually the size of a general-purpose register on the host architecture). On + 32-bit two's-compliment machines, this value ranges from + $2,147,483,648--2,147,483,647$. An implementation \shall support at least + 4-byte (at least 32-bit) integers and \shall not expect that any greater size + is available for calculations, but may make use of additional integer sizes + for other uses so long as such does not impact the final result of any + calculations. + + \dt{memory} + Physical or virtual; used to store and retrieve data outside of CPU registers. + + \dt{parameter} + A value accepted by a function. + + \dt{procedure} + Similar to a function, but does not return any value; implies side-effects. + + \dt{runtime} + Occurs during the execution of the program. + + \dt{scalar} + A datum that is not an array. + + \dt{side-effect} + Non-local data that is altered as a consequence of applying a function or + calling a procedure. + + \dt{Software} + The result of implementing, through the use of machine code or a programming + language, this specification. + + \dt{string} + A finite sequence of symbols---often bytes. When used on its own, + traditionally implies a ``character string''---that is, a string of character + values. + + \dt{type} + Within the context of data, see ``data type''. +\end{description} diff --git a/dfn/ins.tex b/dfn/ins.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a94392f --- /dev/null +++ b/dfn/ins.tex @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +% Insurance Terminology +% +% Intended to be included within its own section. +% +% Also requires gls-ins-calif definition. + +For a glossary of insurance terms from the state of California, +see~\cite{gls-ins-calif}. + +\begin{description} + \dt{applicant} + The intended policy owner. + + \dt{indication} + An approximation of the cost of insurance based on incomplete or limited + information provided by the applicant. + + \dt{policy} + Written insurance contract. + + \dt{quote} + An estimate of the cost of insurance based upon information supplied to the + insurance company by the applicant. +\end{description} diff --git a/dfn/spec.tex b/dfn/spec.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38180c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/dfn/spec.tex @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +% Specification Terminology +% +% Intended to be included within its own section. + +Portions of this subsection conform to \rfc{2119}: ``Key words for use in RFCs +to Indicate Requirement Levels''. Certain terms from the RFC have been expressly +avoided; for example, the terms ``should'' and ``should not'' are not used +because this specification's audience has the capability to alter the +specification to resolve implementation issues and should exercise that ability. + +\begin{description} + \dt{Shall; Must} + Denotes a mandatory requirement. + + \dt{Shall Not; Must Not} + Denotes an absolute prohibition. + + \dt{May; Optional} + Alternatively, the adverb ``optionally''; denotes a requirement whose + implementation is not required and may be omitted; such \shall be used only to + provide flexibility for implementors to exercise their best judgment or to + denote requirements that are not essential to the operation of the Software. + + \dt{Undefined} + The error condition results in behavior that is not defined by a particular + standard; this term \shall be used only to document other standards or + specifications---it \shall not be used to introduce undefined behavior into + this specification. + + \dt{Unspecified} + The behavior is not determined by this specification or is inconsequential to + the Software's operation. + + \dt{Deprecated} + When used within context of this specification: the feature or requirement + will be removed in future revisions of this specification. + + \dt{Superseded} + The feature or requirement mentioned in an earlier revision of this + specification has been removed and replaced by another. + + \dt{Removed} + A feature or requirement mentioned in an earlier revision of this + specification has been removed and will not be superseded. +\end{description}