diff --git a/src/store/Cascading.js b/src/store/Cascading.js
index 0bf4dfa..5e6c55d 100644
--- a/src/store/Cascading.js
+++ b/src/store/Cascading.js
@@ -32,22 +32,23 @@ var Trait = require( 'easejs' ).Trait,
  * when `#clear` is invoked on `S`.
  *
  * @example
- *   let store_a = Store().add( 'key', value' ),
- *       store_b = Store().add( 'foo', 'bar' );
+ *   let store_a = Store(),
+ *       store_b = Store();
  *
- *   store_a.get( 'key' );  // value
- *   store_b.get( 'foo' );  // bar
+ *   // assuming sync. store for example (ignore promises)
+ *   store_a.add( 'key', 'value' );
+ *   store_b.add( 'foo', 'bar' );
  *
- *   Store.use( Cascading )
- *       .add( 'a', store_a )
- *       .add( 'b', store_b )
- *       .clear();
+ *   let container = Store.use( Cascading );
+ *   container.add( 'a', store_a );
+ *   container.add( 'b', store_b );
+ *   container.clear();
  *
- *   store_a.get( 'key' );  // undefined
- *   store_b.get( 'foo' );  // undefined
+ *   store_a.get( 'key' );  // Promise rejects
+ *   store_b.get( 'foo' );  // Promise rejects
  *
  *   Store.use( Cascading ).add( 'invalid', 'value' );
- *   // TypeError: Can only add Store to Cascading stores
+ *   // rejected with TypeError: Can only add Store to Cascading stores
  *
  * Although clear cascades to each `Store`, other methods do not (for
  * example, `get` will not query all `Store`s); another trait should
@@ -71,13 +72,15 @@ module.exports = Trait( 'Cascading' )
      * @param {string} key   store key
      * @param {Store}  value Store to attach
      *
-     * @return {Store} self
+     * @return {Promise} promise to add item to store
      */
     'virtual abstract override public add': function( key, value )
     {
         if ( !Class.isA( Store, value ) )
         {
-            throw TypeError( "Can only add Store to Cascading stores" );
+            return Promise.reject(
+                TypeError( "Can only add Store to Cascading stores" )
+            );
         }
 
         return this.__super( key, value );
@@ -87,13 +90,28 @@ module.exports = Trait( 'Cascading' )
     /**
      * Clear all stores in the store
      *
-     * @return {Store} self
+     * @return {Promise} promise to clear all caches
      */
     'virtual abstract override public clear': function()
     {
-        this.reduce( function( _, store )
-        {
-            store.clear();
-        } );
+        return this.reduce(
+            function( accum, store )
+            {
+                accum.push( store.clear() );
+                return accum;
+            },
+            []
+        )
+            .then( function( promises )
+            {
+                return Promise.all( promises );
+            } )
+            .then( function( result )
+            {
+                return result.every( function( value )
+                {
+                    return value === true;
+                } );
+            } );
     },
 } );
diff --git a/src/store/MemoryStore.js b/src/store/MemoryStore.js
index 74bfbdf..52786f4 100644
--- a/src/store/MemoryStore.js
+++ b/src/store/MemoryStore.js
@@ -36,14 +36,28 @@ var Class = require( 'easejs' ).Class,
  * @example
  *   let s = MemoryStore();
  *
- *   s.add( 'foo', 'bar' );
- *   s.add( 'baz', 'quux' );
- *   s.get( 'foo' );  // bar
- *   s.get( 'baz' );  // quux
+ *   Promise.all( [
+ *       s.add( 'foo', 'bar' ),
+ *       s.add( 'baz', 'quux' ),
+ *   ] )
+ *       .then( Promise.all( [
+ *       {
+ *           s.get( 'foo' ),
+ *           s.get( 'baz' ),
+ *       ] ) } )
+ *       .then( function( values )
+ *       {
+ *           // values = [ 'bar', 'quux' ]
+ *       } );
  *
- *   s.clear();
- *   s.get( 'foo' );  // undefined
- *   s.get( 'baz' );  // undefined
+ *   s.clear().then( function()
+ *   {
+ *       s.get( 'foo' )
+ *           .catch( function()
+ *           {
+ *               // foo is no longer defined
+ *           } );
+ *   } );
  */
 module.exports = Class( 'MemoryStore' )
     .implement( Store )
@@ -58,51 +72,62 @@ module.exports = Class( 'MemoryStore' )
 
 
     /**
-     * Add item to cache under `key` with value `value`
+     * Add item to store under `key` with value `value`
      *
-     * @param {string} key   cache key
+     * The promise will be fulfilled with an object containing the
+     * `key` and `value` added to the store; this is convenient for
+     * promises.
+     *
+     * @param {string} key   store key
      * @param {*}      value value for key
      *
-     * @return {Store} self
+     * @return {Promise} promise to add item to store
      */
     'virtual public add': function( key, value )
     {
         this._store[ key ] = value;
 
-        return this;
+        return Promise.resolve( {
+            key:   key,
+            value: value,
+        } );
     },
 
 
     /**
-     * Retrieve item from cache under `key`
+     * Retrieve item from store under `key`
      *
-     * @param {string} key cache key
+     * The promise will be rejected if the key is unavailable.
      *
-     * @return {*} `key` value
+     * @param {string} key store key
+     *
+     * @return {Promise} promise for the key value
      */
     'virtual public get': function( key )
     {
-        return this._store[ key ];
+        return ( this._store[ key ] !== undefined )
+            ? Promise.resolve( this._store[ key ] )
+            : Promise.reject( 'Key ' + key + ' does not exist' );
     },
 
 
     /**
-     * Clear all items in cache
+     * Clear all items in store
      *
-     * @return {Store} self
+     * @return {Promise} promise to clear store
      */
     'virtual public clear': function()
     {
         this._store = {};
 
-        return this;
+        return Promise.resolve( true );
     },
 
 
     /**
-     * Fold (reduce) all cached values
+     * Fold (reduce) all stored values
      *
-     * This provides a way to iterate through all cached values and
+     * This provides a way to iterate through all stored values and
      * their keys while providing a useful functional result (folding).
      *
      * The order of folding is undefined.
@@ -110,25 +135,30 @@ module.exports = Class( 'MemoryStore' )
      * The ternary function `callback` is of the same form as
      * {@link Array#fold}: the first argument is the value of the
      * accumulator (initialized to the value of `initial`; the second
-     * is the cached item; and the third is the key of that item.
+     * is the stored item; and the third is the key of that item.
+     *
+     * Warning: if a subtype or mixin has an intensive store lookup
+     * operating, reducing could take some time.
      *
      * @param {function(*,*,string=)} callback folding function
      * @param {*}                     initial  initial value for accumulator
      *
-     * @return {*} folded value (final accumulator value)
+     * @return {Promise} promise of a folded value (final accumulator value)
      */
     'public reduce': function( callback, initial )
     {
         var store = this._store;
 
-        return Object.keys( store )
-            .map( function( key )
-            {
-                return [ key, store[ key ] ];
-            } )
-            .reduce( function( accum, values )
-            {
-                return callback( accum, values[ 1 ], values[ 0 ] );
-            }, initial );
+        return Promise.resolve(
+            Object.keys( store )
+                .map( function( key )
+                {
+                    return [ key, store[ key ] ];
+                } )
+                .reduce( function( accum, values )
+                {
+                    return callback( accum, values[ 1 ], values[ 0 ] );
+                }, initial )
+        );
     }
 } );
diff --git a/test/store/CascadingTest.js b/test/store/CascadingTest.js
index 51aaca0..737ca76 100644
--- a/test/store/CascadingTest.js
+++ b/test/store/CascadingTest.js
@@ -22,25 +22,28 @@
 "use strict";
 
 var store  = require( '../../' ).store,
-    expect = require( 'chai' ).expect,
+    chai   = require( 'chai' ),
+    expect = chai.expect,
     Store  = store.MemoryStore,
     Sut    = store.Cascading;
 
+chai.use( require( 'chai-as-promised' ) );
+
+
 describe( 'store.Cascading', () =>
 {
     describe( '#add', () =>
     {
         it( 'does not allow attaching non-store objects', () =>
         {
-            expect( () =>  Store.use( Sut )().add( 'invalid', {} ) )
-                .to.throw( TypeError );
+            expect( Store.use( Sut )().add( 'invalid', {} ) )
+                .to.be.rejectedWith( TypeError );
         } );
 
 
         it( 'allows attaching Store objects', () =>
         {
-            expect( () =>  Store.use( Sut )().add( 'valid', Store() ) )
-                .to.not.throw( TypeError );
+            return Store.use( Sut )().add( 'valid', Store() );
         } );
     } );
 
@@ -56,6 +59,8 @@ describe( 'store.Cascading', () =>
                 'override clear'()
                 {
                     cleared.push( this.__inst );
+
+                    return Promise.resolve( true );
                 }
             } );
 
@@ -65,13 +70,55 @@ describe( 'store.Cascading', () =>
             stores.forEach( ( store, i ) => sut.add( i, store ) );
 
             // should trigger clear on all stores
-            sut.clear();
+            return sut.clear()
+                .then( () =>
+                {
+                    expect(
+                        stores.every( store =>
+                            cleared.some( item => item === store )
+                        )
+                    ).to.be.true;
+                } );
+        } );
 
-            expect(
-                stores.every( store =>
-                    cleared.some( item => item === store )
-                )
-            ).to.be.true;
+
+        [
+            [ [ true, true, true ], true ],
+            [ [ true, true, false ], false ],
+            [ [ false, true, true ], false ],
+            [ [ false, false, false ], false ],
+        ].forEach( testdata =>
+        {
+            let clears   = testdata[ 0 ],
+                expected = testdata[ 1 ];
+
+            it( 'fails if any store fails to clear', () =>
+            {
+                let StubStore = Store.extend(
+                {
+                    _result: false,
+
+                    __construct( result )
+                    {
+                        this._result = result;
+                    },
+
+                    'override clear'()
+                    {
+                        return Promise.resolve( this._result );
+                    },
+                } );
+
+                let sut = Store.use( Sut )();
+
+                clears.forEach( ( result, i ) =>
+                {
+                    sut.add( i, StubStore( result ) );
+                } );
+
+                return sut.clear()
+                    .then( result => expect( result ).to.equal( expected ) );
+            } );
         } );
     } );
 } );
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/store/MemoryStoreTest.js b/test/store/MemoryStoreTest.js
index a152911..82392af 100644
--- a/test/store/MemoryStoreTest.js
+++ b/test/store/MemoryStoreTest.js
@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@
 
 "use strict";
 
-var store   = require( '../../' ).store,
-    expect  = require( 'chai' ).expect,
-    Class   = require( 'easejs' ).Class,
-    Trait   = require( 'easejs' ).Trait,
-    Sut     = store.MemoryStore;
+var store  = require( '../../' ).store,
+    chai   = require( 'chai' ),
+    expect = chai.expect,
+    Class  = require( 'easejs' ).Class,
+    Trait  = require( 'easejs' ).Trait,
+    Sut    = store.MemoryStore;
+
+chai.use( require( 'chai-as-promised' ) );
 
 
 describe( 'store.MemoryStore', () =>
@@ -37,10 +40,10 @@ describe( 'store.MemoryStore', () =>
             const sut  = Sut();
             const item = {};
 
-            expect(
+            return expect(
                 sut.add( 'foo', item )
-                    .get( 'foo' )
-            ).to.equal( item );
+                    .then( () => sut.get( 'foo' ) )
+            ).to.eventually.equal( item );
         } );
 
 
@@ -49,11 +52,22 @@ describe( 'store.MemoryStore', () =>
             const sut  = Sut();
             const item = {};
 
-            expect(
+            return expect(
                 sut.add( 'foo', [] )
-                    .add( 'foo', item )
-                    .get( 'foo' )
-            ).to.equal( item );
+                    .then( () => sut.add( 'foo', item ) )
+                    .then( () => sut.get( 'foo' ) )
+            ).to.eventually.equal( item );
+        } );
+
+
+        it( 'provides the key and value of the added item', () =>
+        {
+            const key   = 'key';
+            const value = 'val';
+
+            return expect(
+                Sut().add( key, value )
+            ).to.eventually.deep.equal( { key: key, value: value } );
         } );
     } );
 
@@ -61,9 +75,10 @@ describe( 'store.MemoryStore', () =>
     // most things implicitly tested above
     describe( '#get', () =>
     {
-        it( 'returns undefined if store item does not exist', () =>
+        it( 'rejects promise if store item does not exist', () =>
         {
-            expect( Sut().get( 'unknown' ) ).to.be.undefined;
+            return expect( Sut().get( 'unknown' ) )
+                .to.eventually.be.rejected;
         } );
     } );
 
@@ -78,17 +93,15 @@ describe( 'store.MemoryStore', () =>
             keys.forEach( key => sut.add( key ) );
 
             // should remove all items
-            sut.clear();
-
-            keys.forEach( key => expect( sut.get( key ) ).to.be.undefined );
-        } );
-
-
-        it( 'returns self', () =>
-        {
-            const sut = Sut();
-
-            expect( sut.clear() ).to.equal( sut );
+            return sut.clear().then( () =>
+            {
+                return Promise.all(
+                    keys.map( key => {
+                        expect( sut.get( key ) )
+                            .to.eventually.be.rejected
+                    } )
+                );
+            } );
         } );
     } );
 
@@ -179,7 +192,8 @@ describe( 'store.MemoryStore', () =>
             );
 
             // implicitly tests initial
-            expect( sut.sum() ).to.equal( 11 );
+            return expect( sut.sum() )
+                to.equal( 11 );
         } );
     } );
 } );