diff --git a/lib/Trait.js b/lib/Trait.js
index 7237b2c..1179079 100644
--- a/lib/Trait.js
+++ b/lib/Trait.js
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ function mixMethods( src, dest, vis, iname )
 function addTraitInst( T, dfn )
 {
     var tc    = ( dfn.___$$tc$$ = ( dfn.___$$tc$$ || [] ) ),
-        iname = '___$to$' + tc.length;
+        iname = '___$to$' + T.__acls.__cid;
 
     // the trait object array will contain two values: the destination field
     // and the trait to instantiate
@@ -307,7 +307,11 @@ function addTraitInst( T, dfn )
     // create internal trait ctor if not available
     if ( dfn.___$$tctor$$ === undefined )
     {
-        dfn.___$$tctor$$ = tctor;
+        // TODO: let's check for inheritance or something to avoid this weak
+        // definition (this prevents warnings if there is not a supertype
+        // that defines the trait ctor)
+        dfn[ 'weak virtual ___$$tctor$$' ] = function() {};
+        dfn[ 'virtual override ___$$tctor$$' ] = createTctor( tc );
     }
 
     return iname;
@@ -327,11 +331,10 @@ function addTraitInst( T, dfn )
  *
  * @return  {undefined}
  */
-function tctor()
+function tctor( tc )
 {
     // instantiate all traits and assign the object to their
     // respective fields
-    var tc = this.___$$tc$$;
     for ( var t in tc )
     {
         var f = tc[ t ][ 0 ],
@@ -345,7 +348,29 @@ function tctor()
         // the intimate relationship
         this[ f ] = C( this.___$$vis$$ ).___$$vis$$;
     }
+
+    // if we are a subtype, be sure to initialize our parent's traits
+    this.__super && this.__super();
 };
 
 
+/**
+ * Create trait constructor
+ *
+ * This binds the generic trait constructor to a reference to the provided
+ * trait class list.
+ *
+ * @param  {Object}  tc  trait class list
+ *
+ * @return  {function()}  trait constructor
+ */
+function createTctor( tc )
+{
+    return function()
+    {
+        return tctor.call( this, tc );
+    };
+}
+
+
 module.exports = Trait;
diff --git a/test/Trait/MixedExtendTest.js b/test/Trait/MixedExtendTest.js
index 80e44f7..4a39646 100644
--- a/test/Trait/MixedExtendTest.js
+++ b/test/Trait/MixedExtendTest.js
@@ -71,4 +71,69 @@ require( 'common' ).testCase(
         // o's supertype mixes in T
         this.assertOk( this.Class.isA( T, o ) );
     },
+
+
+    /**
+     * Subtyping should impose no limits on mixins (except for the obvious
+     * API compatibility restrictions inherent in OOP).
+     */
+    'Subtype can mix in additional traits': function()
+    {
+        var a = false,
+            b = false;
+
+        var Ta = this.Sut(
+            {
+                'public ta': function() { a = true; },
+            } ),
+            Tb = this.Sut(
+            {
+                'public tb': function() { b = true; },
+            } ),
+            C  = null;
+
+        var _self = this;
+        this.assertDoesNotThrow( function()
+        {
+            var sup = _self.Class.use( Ta ).extend( {} );
+
+            // mixes in Tb; supertype already mixed in Ta
+            C = _self.Class.use( Tb ).extend( sup, {} );
+        } );
+
+        this.assertDoesNotThrow( function()
+        {
+            // ensures that instantiation does not throw an error and that
+            // the methods both exist
+            var o = C();
+            o.ta();
+            o.tb();
+        } );
+
+        // ensure both were properly called
+        this.assertOk( a );
+        this.assertOk( b );
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * As a sanity check, ensure that subtyping does not override parent
+     * type data with respect to traits.
+     *
+     * Note that this test makes the preceding test redundant, but the
+     * separation is useful for debugging any potential regressions.
+     */
+    'Subtype trait types do not overwrite supertype types': function()
+    {
+        var Ta = this.Sut( {} ),
+            Tb = this.Sut( {} ),
+            C  = this.Class.use( Ta ).extend( {} ),
+            o  = this.Class.use( Tb ).extend( C, {} )();
+
+        // o's supertype mixes in Ta
+        this.assertOk( this.Class.isA( Ta, o ) );
+
+        // o mixes in Tb
+        this.assertOk( this.Class.isA( Tb, o ) );
+    },
 } );